200 Questions About Islam

[زياد عبد الجليل]

200 Questions About Islamic Aqida
Writer : Sheikh Ahmed Hakmy
Translation : Gamal El-Tawansy
(1) What is the most basic thing an Abd 'worshipper' should do?


The first thing is that they should know why Allah created them. They need to know why He sent Rasul ‘Messengers’ to them. They need to know why He created the Garden and the Fire. They need to know why He will judge and set the Balance for them. They need to know why, on the Day of Judgment, some of them will be most happy while others utterly miserable.




(2) Why did Allah create mankind ?


Allah said: “We created not the heavens, the earth, and all between them, Merely in (idle) sport: We created them not except for just ends: but most of them do not know.” 44:38-39
And He said: “Not without purpose did We create heaven and earth and all between! That were the thought of Unbelievers! But woe to the Unbelievers because of the Fire (of Hell)!” 38:27
And He said: “Allah created the heavens and the earth for just ends, and in order that each soul may find the recompense of what it has earned, and none of them shall be wronged.” 45:22

And He said: “I have only created Jinns and men, that they may serve Me.” 51:56






(3) What does "Abd" p. "Ibad" mean?


Abd has two meanings:

(a) A slave, who is under the power of his master. In this sense all created things, animals and people are slaves to their Creator because each and everyone of them is under His power.
(b) A worshipper, a person who worships his Creator in love and humility. In this sense it refers only to the true believers who are the most highly esteemed Ibad, and the nearest to Him. Those for whom there is no fear and who have no cause whatsoever for sadness.




(4) What is Ibadah?
It is a collective description for everything that Allah loves and accepts, be it an act or word whether seen or unseen. It also means denial of anything that contradicts the above.

(5) When can an act be deemed Ibadah?
If it fulfills two conditions: complete love and complete humility.
Allah said: “But those of Faith are overflowing in their love for Allah.” 2:165
And He Said: “Verily those who live in awe for fear of their Lord” 23:57
Both components are combined in the next Ayah ‘verse’:
Allah said: “These (three) were ever quick in doing in good works: they used to call on Us in yearning and awe. And humble themselves before Us.” 21:90

(6) How can the Abd know that he loves Allah?
The Abd can know this when he loves what Allah loves and hates what He hates, when he obeys His commands and avoids His prohibitions, when he befriends his allies and fights His foes. Therefore the strongest bond among a people has been love as well as hate for the sake of Allah.


(7) How can the Ibad know what pleases Allah and is acceptable to Him?
They know this through the Rusul ‘Messengers’ Allah sent to them, through the books he sent down to them commanding what pleases Him and is acceptable to Him and prohibiting what displeases him and is unacceptable to Him. Thus mankind may put forward no excuse of ignorance on the Day of Judgment.
Allah said: “Messengers who give good news as well as warnings, that mankind, after (the coming) of the messengers , should have no plea against Allah.” 4:165
And He said: “Say: If you do love Allah, follow me: Allah will love you and forgive you your sins: for Allah is Oft Forgiving, Most Merciful.” 3:31


(8) How can Ibadah ‘worship’ be acceptable?
It has to have three things:
First, it has to come out of true willingness from the Abd.
Second, it should be done with real devotion.
Third, it should conform to the Shariah that Allah commanded should be the only way to follow.


(9) What is the meaning of true willingness?
It is leaving laziness and exerting effort to have one’s words conforming to one’s deeds.
Allah said: “Oh ye who believe! Why do ye say that which ye do not do. Grievously hateful is it in the sight of Allah that ye say that which ye do not do.” 61:2-3

(10) What is the meaning of real devotion?
It means that what the Abd wants with his intentions, words and deeds whether seen or unseen should be directed for the sake of Allah

Allah said: “And they have been commanded no more than this: to worship Allah, offering Him sincere devotion, being True (in faith)” 98:5

And He said: “And have in their minds no favor for anyone for which a reward is expected in return. But only the desire to seek the Countenance of their Lord Most High.” 92:19-20

And He said: “(Saying), “We feed you for the sake of Allah alone: No reward do we desire from you, nor thanks.” 76:9

And He said: “To any that desires the harvest of the Hereafter, We give increase in his tilth; and to any that desires the tilth of this world, We grant somewhat thereof, But he has no share or lot in the Hereafter.” 42:20

[زياد عبد الجليل]

(11) What is the Shariah that Allah commanded to be the only way to follow?

It is Hanifeyyah, the religion of Ibraheem ‘Abraham’ (A.S.)
Allah said: “The Religion before Allah is Islam (submission to His Will).” 3:19

And He said: “Do they seek for other than the religion of Allah? – While all creatures in the heavens and on earth have, willing or unwilling, bowed to His Will (accepted Islam).” 3:83

And He said: “And who turns away from the religion of Abraham but such as debase their souls with folly” 2:130

And He said: “If anyone desires a religion other than Islam (submission to Allah) never will it be accepted of him; and in the Hereafter he will be in the ranks of those who have lost.” 3:85

And He said: “What! Have they partners (in godhead), who have established for them religion without the permission of Allah?” 42:21


(12) What are the Marateb ‘ranks’ of Islam as a religion?

Three; Islam, Iman and Ihsan. Each of them includes the Deen ‘Religion’ in its entirety.


(13) What is the meaning of Islam?

It means succumbing to Allah in Tawhid. It means following Him in obedience. It means devotion to Him by associating no partners to Him.
Allah said: “Who can be better in religion than one who submits his whole self to Allah.” 4:125

And He said: “And whoever succumbs his whole self to Allah and is a doer of good, has grasped indeed the firmest hand-hold.” 31:22

And He said: “But your God is one God. Submit then your wills to Him and give thou the good news to those who humble themselves.” 22:34


(14) What is the evidence that it is comprehensive of all religion?

Allah said: ”The Religion before Allah is Islam (Submission to His Will).” 3:19

The Prophet (S) said: “Islam started as a stranger and it will become a stranger again as it had started.” And he said: “The best part of Islam is faith in Allah.”

(15) What is the evidence that it has defined the five pillars in detail?

The Prophet said in his Hadeeth when Jibreel asked him concerning Deen ‘Religion’ : “Islam means that you should declare that there is no other God but Allah and Muhammad is the Prophet of Allah, that you should establish Salah and that you should give Zakah, that you should perform Saum of the month of Ramadhan and that you should perform Hajj if you can”


(16) How important are the two declarations of faith in Islam?

The Abd will not enter Islam without them.

Allah said: “Only those are believers who believe in Allah and His Messenger.” 24, 62 and 49:15

And the Prophet said: “I was commanded to fight people till they declare that: ‘There is no God but Allah and that Muhammad is his Abd ‘servant and Messenger.’ ”


(17) What evidence is there for the declaration that “There is no other god but Allah”?

Allah said: “There is no god but He: that is the witness of Allah, His angels, and those endowed with knowledge standing firm on justice. There is no god but He, the Exalted in Power, The Wise.” 3:18

And He said: “Know, therefore, that there is no god except Allah.” 47:19

And He said: “There is no god except Allah.” 3:62

And He said: “No son did Allah beget, nor is there any god along with Him.” 23:91

And He said: “Say: if there had been (other) gods with Him, as they say, behold, they would certainly have sought out a way in submitting to the Lord of the throne.” 17:42


(18) What is the meaning of the declaration that “There is no other god but Allah”?

It means that no other being but Allah deserves Ibadah ‘worship’ and that it is deserved only by Allah with no associate as He has no associate in his power and ownership of the world.

Allah said: “This because Allah – He is the Reality; and those beside Him whom they invoke, - they are but vain Falsehood: Verily Allah is He, Most High, Most Great.” 22:62


(19) What conditions must be present for one who utters the Shahada ‘declaration of faith’ for it to benefit him or her?


There are seven conditions.

First, knowledge that is understanding of its meaning.

Second, certainty, that is the heart should be fully convinced of it.

Third, Inqiyad ‘Submission’ that is following it in word and deed.

Fourth, accepting it as a whole. That is not rejecting any part of it.

Fifth, faith and devotion to it.

Sixth, Sidq ‘Truthfulness’ that is, being true to it from the depth of one’s heart not by mere utterance.

Seventh, Mahaba ‘Love’ for it and for people who believe in it, Mualah and Muadah, ‘alliance and enmity’ that is, aiding those who love it and fighting those who fight them.

(20) What evidence supports the condition of knowledge in the Quran and the Sunnah?

Allah said: “Only he who bears witness to the Truth, and with full knowledge” 43-86

bearing witness to the truth means making the declaration of faith knowing the meaning in their hearts of what they uttered with their tongues.

The Prophet (S) said: “He who dies knowing that there is no god but Allah, enters Heaven”

[زياد عبد الجليل]

(21) What evidence supports the condition of Yaqin ‘certainty’ in the Quran and the Sunnah?

Allah said: “only those are believers who have believed in Allah and His Rasul ‘Messenger’ , and have never since doubted, but have striven with their belongings and their persons in the Case of Allah: such are the sincere ones.” 49-15

The Prophet (S) said: “I bear witness that there is no other god but Allah and that I am the Rasul ‘Messenger’ of Allah: No Abd will meet Allah with this declaration, having no doubt in them but will enter Heaven.”

And He said to Abu Hurairah: “Whoever you find behind this wall bearing witness that there is no other god but Allah certain of it in their hearts, give them the glad tidings that they will enter paradise.”


(22) What evidence supports the condition of Inqiyad ‘Submission’ in the Quran and the Sunnah?

Allah said: “Whoever submits his whole self to Allah, and is a doer of good, has grasped indeed the firmest hand-hold” 31-22

The Prophet (S) said: “None of you is a believer until his inclinations follow what has been revealed to me.”


(23) What evidence supports the condition of Qabul ‘acceptance ‘ in the Quran and the Sunnah?

Allah said concerning those who reject it: “Bring ye up”, it shall be said, “the wrong-doers and their wives, and the things they worshipped besides Allah, and lead them to the way to the (Fierce) Fire! But stop them, for they must be asked: ‘What is the matter with you that ye help not each other?’ Nay, but that day they shall submit (to Judgment); and they will turn to one another, and question one another. They will say: “It was ye who used to come to from the right hand.” They will reply: “Nay, ye yourselves had no faith! “Nor had we any authority over you. Nay, it was ye who were a people in obstinate rebellion! “So now has been proved true, against us, the word of our Lord that we shall indeed (have to) taste (the punishment of our sins): “We led you astray: for truly we were ourselves astray.” Truly, that Day, they will (all) share in the Chastisement. Verily that is how We shall deal with Sinners. For they, when they were told that there is no god except Allah, would puff themselves up with pride, and say: “What! Shall we give up our gods for the sake of a poet possessed?” 37:22-36


The Prophet (S) said: “The similitude of what Allah has sent me with of Guidance and Knowledge is that of a lot of rain that reached some land, some parts of that land was pure and accepted the rain and give out plenty of grass, some other parts were barren and held the water but give out no grass, still the water held was beneficial to people that they drank and give water to their animals and irrigated their crops. A third part of land got the rain that was sandy so neither kept the water nor gave out grass. These are the similitude of those who understand well the Deen ‘Religion’ ‘religion’ of Allah, benefit from it and thus learnt and taught others. And the similitude of those who have not learnt from it and rejected the Guidance I was sent with.”


(24) What evidence supports the condition of Ikhlaas ‘Sincere devotion’ in the Quran and the Sunnah?

Allah said: “Is it not to Allah the sincere devotion is due?” 39:3

Allah said: “So serve Allah, offering Him sincere devotion” 39:2

The Prophet (S) said: “The happiest people with my intercession are those who say there is no god but Allah with sincere devotion in their hearts.”

The Prophet (S) said: “Allah has forbidden the Fire to touch whoever says “there is no god but Allah” saying it for the sake of Allah.”


(25) What evidence supports the condition of Sidq ‘truthfulness’ in the Quran and the Sunnah?

Allah said: “Do men think that will be left alone on saying, “We believe”, and that they will not be tested? We did test those before them, and Allah will certainly know those who are true from those who are false” 29:2-3

The Prophet (S) said: “Whoever bears witness that “there is no god but Allah and that Mohammad is His Rasul ‘Messenger’ saying it truthfully in his heart, Allah will forbid Fire to touch him”

About the desert man whom the Prophet taught the requirements of Islam when the latter said (I will neither add to nor diminish from them). The Prophet (S) said: “He is successful if he is truthful.”


(26) What evidence supports the condition of Mahaba ‘Love’ in the Quran and the Sunnah?


Allah said: “O ye who believe? If any from among you turn back from his faith, soon will Allah produce a people whom He will love as they will love Him” 5-54

The Prophet (S) said: “Whoever has these three things will taste the sweetness of faith: first that Allah and His Rasul ‘Messenger’ be more loved by him than any other. Second that his love for any other person is only for the sake of Allah. Third, that he hates to revert to Kufr ‘disbelief’, after Allah has rescued him from it, as he hates to be thrown into the fire.”


(27) What evidence supports the condition of Mualah and Muadah ‘alliance and enmity’ in the Quran and the Sunnah?

Allah said: “O ye who believe! Take not the Jews and Christians for your friends and protectors: They are but friends and protectors to each other. And he amongst you that turns to them (for friendship and protection) is of them. Verily Allah guides not a people unjust. Those in whose hearts is a disease – thou seest how eagerly they run about amongst them, saying: “We do fear lest a change of fortune bring us disaster.” Ah! Perhaps Allah will give (thee) victory, or a decision from Him then will they regret of the thoughts which they secretly harbored in their hearts. And those who believe will say: “Are these the men who swore their strongest oaths by Allah, that they were with you? All that they do will be in vain, and they will fall into (nothing but) ruin. O ye who believe? If any from among you turn back from his faith, soon will Allah produce a people whom He will love as they will love Him, - Lowly with the Believers, mighty against the Rejecters, fighting in the Way of Allah, and never afraid of the reproaches of such as find fault. That is the Grace of Allah which He will bestow on whom He pleases. And Allah encompasses all, and He knows all things. Your (real) friends are (no less than) Allah, His Rasul ‘Messenger’ , and the Believers, - those who establish regular prayers and pay Zakat and they bow down humbly (in worship).” 5:51-55

Allah said: “O ye who believe? Take not for protectors your fathers and your brothers if they love infidelity above Faith: If any of you do so, they do wrong. Say: If it be that your fathers, your sons, your brothers, your mates, or your kindred: the wealth that ye have gained; the commerce in which ye fear a decline: or the dwellings in which ye delight- are dearer to you than Allah or His Rasul ‘Messenger’ , or the striving in His Case;- then wait until Allah brings about His Decision: and Allah guides not the rebellious.” 9:23,24

Allah said: “Thou wilt not find any people who believe in Allah and the Last Day, loving those who oppose Allah and His Rasul ‘Messenger’ , even though they were their fathers and their sons, or their brothers, or their kindred. For such He has written faith in their hearts, and strengthened them with a spirit from Himself. And he will admit them to Gardens beneath which Rivers flow, to dwell therein (forever). Allah will be well pleased with them, and they with Him. They are the Party of Allah. Truly it is the Party of Allah that will achieve success.” 58:22,

See also 60:1-13


(28) What evidence supports the condition of Shahada ‘declaration’ that “Muhammad is His Prophet” in the Quran and the Sunnah?

Allah said: “Allah did confer a great favor on the Believers when He sent among them a Rasul ‘Messenger’ from among themselves, rehearsing unto them the Signs of Allah, purifying them, and instructing them in Scripture and Wisdom, while, before that, they had been in manifest error.” 3:164

"Now hath come unto you a Rasul ‘Messenger’ from amongst yourselves: it grieves him that ye should suffer, ardently anxious is he over you: to the Believers is he most kind and merciful.” 9:128

Allah said: “When the Hypocrites come to thee, they say, “We bear witness that thou art indeed the Rasul ‘Messenger’ of Allah.” Yea, Allah knows that thou art indeed His Rasul ‘Messenger’ . And Allah bears witness that the Hypocrites are indeed liars.” 63:1

As well as other Ayas ‘Verses’


(29) What is the meaning of Shahada ‘declaration’ that “Muhammad (S) is His Rasul ‘Messenger’”?

It is utter belief from the bottom of the heart that goes hand in hand with the utterance of the tongue that Muhammad is His Abd ‘servant’ and His Rasul ‘Messenger’ sent to all the peoples, humans and Jinns.

Allah said: “O Prophet! Truly we have sent thee as a Witness, a Bearer of Glad Tidings, and a Warner,- and as one who invites to Allah’s (Grace) by His leave, and as a Lamp spreading Light.” 33:45,46

Thus it is a must to believe all that he said be that stories of what had happened before, or news of what will happen after, to believe what he declared lawful and what he made forbidden, to follow all his commands and shy away from and give up all that he prohibited, to follow his Shariah ‘the laws he brought’ and follow his Sunnah ‘the way he behaved’ secretly as well as openly, and to accept his judgment and submit to it.

To believe that obeying him is obeying Allah and that disobeying him is disobeying Allah, because he is the one who delivers His message, and God did not let him die till he had completed His Deen ‘Religion’ ‘Religion’ and made Al-Balagh al-Mubin ‘the most clear delivery of the News’ That he has left his Ummah (people who follow him) on the white way whose night is as clear as its day and that whoever leaves it perishes. More of these will be discusses later In shaa Allah, ‘Allah willing’.


(30) What are the conditions for the Shahada ‘declaration’ that “Muhammad is His Prophet”? And can the first Shahada ‘declaration’ be acceptable without the second?

We have already clarified that an Abd ‘servant’ cannot enter this Deen ‘Religion’ except through these two Shahadas ‘declarations’ and that they must go together. The conditions for the first are the same for the second and vice versa.

[محمد]

thank you my brother

very good questions

with my best wishes

[حفيدة_عائشة]

jazakum Allah khairan

[زياد عبد الجليل]

thank you my brother

very good questions

with my best wishes

Thanks brother for being here


jazakum Allah khairan


wa jazaky khairan

[غير مسجل]

gazakom allah khayran

[زياد عبد الجليل]

(31) What evidence supports Salah and Zakah?
Allah said: “But if they repent, and establish regular prayers, and pay Zakat, then open the way for them: For Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.” 9:5

And He said: "But (even so), if they repent and establish regular prayers, and pay Zakat, they are your brethren in Faith; (Thus) do we explain the signs in details, for those who understand." 9:11

Allah said: “And they have been commanded no more than this: to worship Allah, offering Him sincere devotion, Being True (in faith); to establish regular prayers; and to give Zakat;“ 98:5


(32) What evidence supports Saum?
Allah said: “O ye who believe! Fasting is prescribed to you as it was prescribed to those before you” 2:183

Allah said: “Who is present (at his home) during that month should spend it in fasting.” 2:185

In the Hadeeth with a’rabi ‘the desert man’ who said: “Tell me what Allah has prescribed to me of fasting!” The Prophet (S) said: “The month of Ramadhan only. Whatever else is voluntary.”


(33) What evidence supports Hajj?
Allah said: “And complete the Hajj or ‘Umrah in the service of Allah” 2:196

Allah said: “Pilgrimage thereto is a duty men owe to Allah, those who can afford the journey.” 3:97

The Prophet (S) said: “Allah has prescribed Hajj to you.”
As well as many other Hadeeths


(34) What is the sentence given to one who denies one of the pillars of Islam, or one who believes in them yet disdains to abide by them?
He should be called as a "Kafir".

(35) What is the sentence given to one who believes in them Then does not fulfill them because of laziness or because of difference in interpretation?
As for prayers; whoever delays to pray them at their appointed times for such reasons, he is to be ordered to return to faith if he refused he should be killed as Hadd ‘Islamic Capital Punishment’ as

Allah said: “But if they repent, and establish regular prayers, and pay Zakat, then open the way for them: For Allah is Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.” 9:5

As for Zakat, if the person refusing to pay it is of no political clout, the Imam ‘Muslim leader’ should take it from him by force and punish him with a fine.

The Prophet (S) said: “Whoever refuses to pay Zakat, we shall force him to pay it in addition of half of his wealth.”

If they were a group who have political or military power, the Imam should fight them till they pay it. As per the Ayas ‘verses’ and the Hadeeths mentioned above. Abu Baker and the Sahaba (R.A.) did the same.

As for fasting, nothing has been mentioned concerning it. However the Imam or his deputy should reprimand him to straighten him and those like him.

As for Hajj, it should be done once in a life time, hence a servant can do it any time during his or her life time and it would only be too late if a person died. It is better, therefore to do it as early as possible. Punishment in the hereafter has been promised for those who neglect it. However no special punishment in this life has been specified for neglecting it.

[زياد عبد الجليل]

(36) What is Iman ‘faith’?
Iman ‘Faith’ is done both by word and deed. Words uttered by the tongue and in the heart, and the deed of the tongue, the heart and the rest of the ****. It increases by obedience to Allah, and decreases by disobedience to Allah. And those who have faith do so in varying degrees.


(37) What evidence supports that Iman is both in word and in deed?
Allah said: “But Allah has endeared the Faith to you, and has made it beautiful in your hearts.” 49:7

Allah said: “So believe in Allah and his Messenger” 7:158

This is the meaning of the two Shahadas ‘declaration of Faith’ which a ‘abd cannot enter the Deen except through them. They are deeds of the heart in terms of belief and of the tongue as utterance, and are of no use unless both heart and tongue collaborate.

Allah said: “And never would Allah make your Faith of no effect” 2:143

It means that your prayers in the direction of Jerusalem, before Kiblah "Direction in prayer" was changed. Here he calls Salah "Prayers" an act of Faith. It combines the work of the heart the tongue and the rest of the ****. The Prophet (s) has made Jihad "Striving in the way of Allah" and praying through Lailatul Qadr "Night of Power", the fasting of Ramadhan and praying during its nights, as well as the five daily prayers, and so on, acts of faith.

The Prophet (S) was asked: “which deeds are better?” And he said: “Iman in Allah and His Messenger.”


(38) What evidence supports that Iman could increase or decrease?
Allah said: “That they may add Faith to their Faith” 48:4

Allah said: "And We increased them in guidance" 18:13

Allah said: “And Allah does increase in guidance those who seek Guidance” 19:76

Allah said: “But to those who receive Guidance, He increases their guidance” 47:17

Allah said: “And the Believers may increase in Faith.” 74:31

Allah said: “Yea, those who believe, - there faith is increased.” 9:124

Allah said: “Those to whom men said: “a great army is gathering against you, so fear them” but it (only increased their Faith.” 3:173

Allah said: “It only added to their faith and their zeal in obedience” 33:22

As well as other Ayas.

The Prophet (S) said: “If you were where ever you are as when with me, angels would shake hands with you.”


(39) What evidence supports that people of Iman are different in their levels of Iman?
Allah said: “And those Foremost (in Faith) will be Foremost (in the Hereafter). These will be those nearest to Allah: in Gardens of Bliss: a number f people from those of old, and a few from those of later times. (They will be) on couches encrusted (with gold and precious stones), reclining on them, facing each other. Round about them will (serve) youths of perpetual (freshness), with goblets, (shining) beakers, and cups (filled) out of clear-flowing fountains: no after-ache will they receive therefrom, nor will they suffer intoxication: and with fruits, any that they may select; and the flesh of fowls, any that they desire. And (there will be) companions with beautiful, big, and lustrous eyes,-like unto Pearls well-guarded. A reward of the deeds of their past (life). No frivolity will they hear therein, nor any mischief,- only the Saying, “Peace! Peace.” The Companions of the Right Hand, What will be the Companions of the Right Hand!” 56:10-27

Allah said: “Thus, then, if he be of those nearest to Allah, (there is for him) Rest and Satisfaction, a Garden of Delights. And if he be of the Companions of the Right Hand, (for him is the salutation), “Peace be unto thee,” from the Companions of the Right Hand.” 56:88-91

Allah said: “But there are among them some who wrong their own Souls; some who follow a middle course; and some who are, by Allah’s leave, foremost in good deeds.” 35:32

The Prophet (S) (in Hadeeth Al-Shafaa) said: “Allah takes out of the Fire whoever had worth of a dinar of Faith in his heart. Then whoever had worth of a half a dinar of Faith in his heart.”
The Prophet (S) said: “He will get out of Fire whoever says there is no god but Allah and who has even as little goodness in his heart as the weight of Shariah. Then he will get out of Fire whoever says there is no god but Allah and who has even as little goodness in his heart as the weight of Burrah. Then he will get out of Fire whoever says there is no god but Allah and who has even as little goodness in his heart as the weight of a Zarrah.”

(40) What evidence supports that Iman is comprehensive of the whole religion?
The Prophet (S) said: “I command you to have Iman In Allah Alone!’ he said: “Do you know what is Iman in Allah alone?” they said: “Allah and His Messenger know better.” He said: “Shahada, that Allah there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is His Messenger, establishment of regular prayers, payment of Zakat, and to give up one fifth of what you get as war spoils.”


(41) What evidence supports that Iman is defined as faith in six parts?
When Jibreel (A .S.) said to the Prophet (S): “Tell me about Faith!” The Prophet (S) said: “That you should believe in Allah and His Angels, and His Books, and His Messengers, and The Last Day, and to believe in Fate whether good or evil.”


(42) What Ayah ‘verse’ supports them all from the Quran?
Allah said: “It is not righteousness that ye turn our faces towards East or West; but is righteousness – to believe in Allah and the Last Day, and the Angels, and the Book, and the Messengers.” 2:177

Allah said: “Verily, all things have We created in proportion and measure.” 54:49

We shall mention the evidence for each of the above separately. In Shaa Allah.


(43) What is the meaning of Iman ‘faith’?
It is irrefutable belief from the very depth of the heart that He exists. That His existence has never been preceded by any and has never been succeeded by any. Because He is the First with nothing before Him and the Last with nothing after Him. And the Most high with nothing above Him and the ------- Ever living, ever needed, One, Strong.

Allah said: “He begets not, nor is He begotten; and there is none like unto Him” 112:3,4

Belief in His oneness as God and as Lord and with His ****s and His Attributes.

(44) What is Tawheed of Ilaheyyah?
It is giving Allah alone all kinds of Ibadah ‘worship’ whether done in public or in private in words and deeds as well as denying Ibadah to any other but Allah, whoever that maybe.

Allah Said: "Thy Lord has decreed that ye worship none but Him" 17:23

And said: "Serve Allah, and joing not any partners with Him" 4:36

And said: "Verily, I am Allah: there is no god but I: so serve thou me (only), and establish regular prayer for My remembrance" 20:14

As well as other Ayas ‘Verses’ as mentioned above under Shahada


(45) What is the opposite of Tawheed of Ilaheyyah?
Its opposite is Shirk ‘Association of other gods with Allah’ and is of two types: A bigger Shirk which is the absolute opposite and
A lesser Shirk, which is opposite to it in terms of completeness.

(46) What is the bigger Shirk?
It is when a ‘abd takes a partner besides Allah making him equal to the Lord and Cherisher of the Worlds, loving him as he loves Allah and fears him as he fears Allah, turning to him and calling upon him, fearing him and supplicating to him, wanting him and depending on him or obey him in disobeying Allah or to follow him in what displeases Allah, etc.

Allah said: “Allah forgives not that partners should be se up with Him; but He forgives anything else, to whom He pleases; to set up partners with Allah is to devise a sin most heinous indeed” 4:48
Allah said: “One who joins other gods with Allah, has strayed far, far away (from the Right)” 4:116

Allah said: “Whoever joins other gods with Allah,- Allah will forbid him the Garden, and the Fire will be his abode” 5:72

Allah said: "If anyone assigns partners to Allah, he is as if he had fallen from heaven and been snatched up by birds, or the wind had swooped (like a bird on its prey) and thrown him into a far-distant place" 22:31

As well as other Ayas ‘verses’

The Prophet (S) said: “The right of Allah over Ibad ‘servants’ that they worship Him and associate no partners to Him. And the right of Ibad ‘servants’ on Allah is that whoever does not associate anything with Him should not be reproached.”

In this kind of shirk it is equal whether to make it public like the Kafirs of Quraish or to make it secret like the Munafiqs ‘Hypocrites’ of Madinah who acted publicly as Muslims but secretly were Kafirs.

Allah said: “The Hypocrites will be in the lowest depths of the Fire: no helper wilt thou find for them;- except for those who repent, mend (their life), hold fast to Allah, and make their religious devotion sincere to Allah: if so they will be (numbered) with the Believers.” 4:145-146

As well as other Ayas ‘Verses’


(47) What is the lesser Shirk?
It is when the deed done for the sake of Allah is tarnished with a little Ar-Riyaa ‘Showing off or wanting others to see how good one is’

Allah said: “Say: I am but a man like yourselves, (but) the inspiration has come to me, that your God is One God: whoever accepts to his Lord, let him work righteousness, and, in the worship of his Lord, admit no one as partner ” 18:110

The Prophet (S) said: “The most I fear for you is the lesser Shirk.” They asked him what it was and he said: “Ar-Riyaa ‘Showing off or wanting others to see how good one is’ “ Then he explained: “A man may stand for prayer and make his Salah very good when he sees others watching him.”

Also taking an oath in the **** of any other than Allah such as saying: By my father etc.

The Prophet (S) said: “Do not take an oath by your fathers nor your mothers nor by your peers.”

The Prophet (S) said: “Do not say: By the Ka’aba but say: By the Lord of Ka’aba”

The Prophet (S) said: “Never take an oath except by Allah.”

The Prophet (S) said: “Whoever takes an oath saying: “By honesty.” Is none of mine.”

The Prophet (S) said: “Whoever takes an oath by other than Allah, is a Kafir ‘disbeliever’ or Mushrik. ‘associator’ ”

When a man said to the Prophet: “What Allah wills and what you will.” The Prophet (S) said: “Have you made me an equal to Allah? Say: What Allah Alone wills.”

Such forbidden phrases include:

“I have no one but Allah and you”

“I seek Allah’s help and yours” etc.

The Prophet (S) said: “Never say: What Allah wills and what such and such wills. But say: What Allah wills then what such and such wills.”

The Scholars said: it is permissible to say "Except for Allah then such and such". However it is not permissible to say: "Except for Allah and such and such".


(48) What is the difference between ‘waw’ (and) and ‘thumma’ (then) in the following utterances?
Using and makes them peers and equals to Allah. Thus when one says: What Allah wills and you will, has made Allah’s will and a servant’s will equal. Unlike using ‘then’ which denotes coming after. Thus when one says: What Allah wills and then what you will, has pointed out that the will of a servant is subservient to the will of Allah.

Allah said: “But ye shall not will except as Allah wills; for Allah is full of Knowledge and Wisdom” 76:30

Allah said: “But ye shall not will except as Allah wills, - the Cherisher of the Worlds” 81:29

And so on



(49) What is Tawheed of Rububeyyah?
It is the firm belief that Allah is the Lord of everything and their King and their Creator and the One who directs and controls them. That He has no partner in His Domain and has no protector from humiliation and that no one can stop His command. And that no one can question his sentence. And that no one can oppose Him. And that no one is equal to Him. And that no one has a **** like His. And that no one shares any of the attributes of His Lordship or the meanings of His ****s and attributes.

Allah said: “Praise be to Allah, Who created the heavens and the earth, and made the Darkness and the Light” 6:1

The Above Ayas, in fact, the whole Sura.

Allah said: “Praise be to Allah the Cherisher and Sustainer of the Worlds.” 1:2

Allah said: "Say: "Who is the Lord and Sustainer of the heavens and the earth?" Say: "(It is) Allah." Say: "Do ye then take (for worship) protectors other than Him, such as have no power wither for good or for harm to themselves?" say: "Are the blind equal with those who see? Or the depths of darkness equal with Light?" Or do they assign to Allah partners who have created seemed to them similar? say: "Allah is the Creator of all things: He is the One, the Supreme and Irresistible."" 13:16

Allah said: “It is Allah Who has created you: further, He has provided for your sustenance; then He will cause you to die; and again He will give you life. Are there any of your (false) ‘partners’ who can do any single one of these things? Glory to Him! and High is He above the partners they attribute (to Him)!” 30:40

Allah said: “Such is the Creation of Allah: Now show Me what is there that others besides Him have created!” 31:11

Allah said: “Were they created of nothing, or were they themselves the creators?” 52:35-36

Allah said: “Lord of the heavens and of the earth, and of all that is between them: so worship Him, and be constant and patient in His worship: Knowest thou of any who is worthy of the same **** as He?” 19:65

Allah said: “There is nothing whatever like unto Him, and He is the One that hears and sees” 42:11

Allah said: “Say: “Praise be to Allah, Who begets no son, and has no partner in (His) domination: nor (needs) He any to protect Him from humiliation: Yea, magnify Him for His Greatness and Glory.” 17:111

Allah said: “Say: “Call upon other (gods) whom ye fancy, besides Allah: they have no Power,- not the weight of an atom,- in the heavens or on earth: No (sort of) share have they therein, nor is any of them a helper to Allah. No intercession can avail with Him, except for those for whom He has granted permission. So far (is this the case) that, when terror is removed from there hearts (at the Day of Judgment, then) will they say, ‘that which is true and just; and He is the Most High, Most Great’ ” 34:22-23


(50) What is opposite of Tawheed of Rububeyyah?
It is when one believes that there is another who dispatches commands besides Allah concerning anything pertaining to the universe whether in creating or annihilating, giving life or death, sending good or fending evil, or any other that pertains to Lordship. Or the belief that there is another who is an associate who shares in any of His ****s and attributes; such as knowing the unseen, or greatness or arrogance and such like.

Allah said: “What Allah out of His Mercy does bestow on mankind none can withhold: What He does withhold, none can grant, apart from Him: and He is the Exalted in Power, Full of Wisdom. O men! Remember the grace of Allah unto you! Is there a creator, other than Allah, to give you sustenance from heaven or earth?” 35:2,3

Allah said: “If Allah do touch thee with hurt, there is none can remove it but He: If He do design some benefit for thee, there is none can keep back His favor.” 10:107

Allah said: “Say: “See ye then? The things that ye invoke besides Allah,- Can they, if Allah wills some affliction for me, remove His affliction or if He wills some Mercy for me, can they keep back His Mercy?” Say: “Sufficient is Allah for me! In Him trust those who put their trust.” 39:38

Allah said: "With Him are the keys of the Unseen, the treasures that none knowes but Him" 6:59


Allah said: “Say: None in the heavens or on earth, except Allah, knows what is hidden” 27:65

Allah said: “Nor shall they compass aught of His Knowledge except as He wills.” 2:255

The Prophet (S) said: “Allah says: Greatness is one of my garments, Arrogance is my other garment. Whoever tries to share either of them I make him dwell in my Fire.”


(51) What is the meaning of “Unity of ****s and Attributes”?
It is belief in what Allah has attributed to Himself in His Book. And what the Prophet (S) described Him with. These attributes are the Most Beautiful ****s of Allah and the Highest Attributes. And to believe in such without having to ask how? As Allah combined belief in them and not describing how they are in several Ayas ‘verses’.

Allah said: “He knows what is before or after or behind them: but they shall comprehend Him not” 20:110

Allah said: “There is nothing whatever like unto Him, and He is the One that hears and sees” 42:11

Allah said: “No vision can grasp Him, but His grasp is over all vision; He is Subtle Well-aware” 6:103

As well as other Ayas ‘verses’
When the Prophet (S) he mentioned the infidels’ gods, They said to him: “Tell us the linage of your Lord God!” Allah revealed the following Ayas ‘verses’

Allah said: “Say: He is Allah, the One; Allah the Eternal, Absolute. He begets not, nor is He begotten” 112:1-3

As anything that is born must die, and nothing that dies but is inherited, Allah, however, neither dies, nor is inherited.

Allah said: “And there is none like unto Him” 112:4

The prophet (S) said: “He has no similar or equal and there is noting like unto Him”


(52) What evidence is there for the most beautiful ****s of Allah in the Quran and Hadeeth?
Allah said: “The Most Beautiful ****s belong to Allah: So call on Him by them; but shun such men as distort His ****s” 7:180

Allah said: “Say: “Call upon Allah, or call upon Rahman: by whatever **** ye call upon Him, (it is well): for to Him belong the Most Beautiful ****s” 17:110

Allah said: “Allah! There is no god but Him! To Him belong the Most Beautiful ****s” 20:8

And other Ayas ‘verses’

The prophet (S) said: “Allah has 99 ****s. Whoever knows all of them will enter the Garden.”

The prophet (S) said: “I ask you Allah by every **** that belongs to you, whether You attributed to Yourself, revealed in Your Book, taught to anyone of Your creatures, or kept with You and made unknown to others, to make the Great Quran the spring of my heart.”

[زياد عبد الجليل]

(52) What evidence is there for the most beautiful ****s of Allah in the Quran and Hadeeth?
Allah said: “The Most Beautiful ****s belong to Allah: So call on Him by them; but shun such men as distort His ****s” 7:180

Allah said: “Say: “Call upon Allah, or call upon Rahman: by whatever **** ye call upon Him, (it is well): for to Him belong the Most Beautiful ****s” 17:110

Allah said: “Allah! There is no god but Him! To Him belong the Most Beautiful ****s” 20:8

And other Ayas ‘verses’

The prophet (S) said: “Allah has 99 ****s. Whoever knows all of them will enter the Garden.”

The prophet (S) said: “I ask you Allah by every **** that belongs to you, whether You attributed to Yourself, revealed in Your Book, taught to anyone of Your creatures, or kept with You and made unknown to others, to make the Great Quran the spring of my heart.”


(53) What example is there for the most beautiful ****s of Allah in the Quran?

Allah said: "For Allah is Most High, Great (above you all)" 4:34

Allah said: “For Allah is All-Subtle, All-Aware” 33:34

Allah said: “For He is All-Knowing, All-Powerful” 35:44

Allah said: "For Allah is He Who hears and sees all things." 4:58

Allah said: "For Allah is Exalted in power, Wise" 4:56

Allah said: "For Allah si Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful" 4:23

Allah said: “For He is unto them Most Kind, Most Merciful.” 9:117

Allah said: “Allah is Free of all wants, and He is Most Forbearing ” 2:263

Allah said: “For He is indeed worthy of all praise, full of all glory!” 11:73

Allah siad: 'For my Lord is (always) near, ready to answer." 11:57

Allah said: “For my Lord has care and watch over all things” 11:61
Allah said: “For Allah ever watches over you” 4:1

Allah said: “And enough is Allah as a Disposer of affairs” 4:81

Allah said: “But All-sufficient is Allah in taking account” 4:6

Allah said: “And Allah has Power over all things” 4:85

Allah said: “Thy Lord does witness all tings” 41:53

Allah said: “It is He that does encompass all things!” 41:54

Allah said: “He is the First and the Last, the Evident and the Hidden: and He has full knowledge of all things.” 57:3

Allah said: “Allah is He, than whom there is no other god;- who knows (all things) both secret and open; He, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. Allah is He, than whom there is no other god;- the Sovereign, the Holy One, the source of peace (and Perfection) the Guardian of Faith, the Preserver of Safety, the Exalted in Might, the Irresistible, the justly Proud Glory to Allah! (High is He) above the partners they attribute to Him. He is Allah, the Creator, the Originator, the Fashioner, to Him belong the Most Beautiful ****s: Whatever is in the heavens and on earth, does declare His Praise and Glory: and He is Exalted in Might, the Wise” 59:22-24

As well as other Ayas ‘verses’


(54) What example is there for the in the Hadeeth?
The prophet (S) said: “There is no god but Allah, the Great, the Patient. There is no god but Allah, the Lord of the Great Throne. There is no god but Allah, the Lord of the heavens and the Lord of the earth and the Lord of the precious Throne.”

The prophet (S) said: “O Living, O Eternal, O the One with Greatness and Generosity, O Fashioner of the heavens and the earth.”

The prophet (S) said: “In the **** of Allah, With whose **** nothing can harm on earth or in the heavens. He is the All-Hearing, All-Knowing.”

The prophet (S) said: “O God, Knower of the unseen and knower of the seen, fashioner of the heavens and the earth, Lord and King of everything.”

The prophet (S) said: “O God, Lord of the seven heavens, Lord of the Great Throne, our Lord and Lord of everything, Divider of grains and stones (of fruit), Revealer of the Torah, the Injil ‘Bible’ and the Quran. I take refuge by you against any evil that is within you control. You are the First with nothing before You. You are the Last with nothing after You. You are the Evident with nothing above You and the Hidden with nothing below You.”

The prophet (S) said: “O Allah, Praise be to You. You are the Light of the heavens and the earth and what is within them. Praise be to You. You are the sustainer of the heavens and the earth and what is within them.”

The prophet (S) said: “O God. I ask You by the fact the I witness that there is no other god but You, No other god but You, the One the Eternal, Absolute. Who begets not, nor is begotten. And there is none like unto Him.”

The prophet (S) said: “You, the Turner of hearts.”

As well as many more Hadeeths.


(55) How many types do the Most Beautiful ****s of Allah refer to?
Three types:

1) Those referring to Himself.

2) Those referring to attributed derived from and included in their meanings.

3) Those referring to derivations necessarily derived from those attributes.


(56) Give examples?
His **** “Al-Rahman Al-Rahim” the Most Gracious the Most Merciful, refers directly to Allah as well as the attribute the **** is derived from, ****ly Rahmah ‘Mercy’ as included in the meaning as well as other attributes which are not derived from the this root but such as are necessarily included such as life and power.

The same applies to all His ****s, unlike ****s of the created. A person may be called Hakim ‘wise’ while he is ignorant, or Assad ‘Lion’, when he is not one. Praise be to Allah, as He attributed to Himself, above what His creatures have attributed to Him.



(57) How many divisions are the Most Beautiful ****s of Allah classified to in terms of inclusion, i.e. encompassing?
It is of four divisions:

First: The Proper noun ‘Allah’ that includes all the meanings of the Most Beautiful ****s of Allah. Thus all such ****s are His Attributes while the **** Allah never comes as an attribute to them.

Allah said: “He is Allah, the Creator, the Originator, the Fashioner.” 59:24

Second: What includes the attribute pertaining to the essence of Allah, such as His ****: Al-Samee’ the All-Hearing, whose Hearing encompasses all sounds whether made in public or in secret. And His ****: Al-Basir the All-Seeing whose Seeing encompasses all things seeable whether small or big. And His ****: Al-‘aliim, the All-Knowing, which describes His All Encompassing Knowledge.

Allah said: “From Whom is not hidden the least little atom in the Heavens or on earth: nor is there anything less than that, or greater” 34:3

And his ****: AL-Qadir, the All-Powerful whose Power encompasses the ability to do everything whether in creation or annihilation

Third: What includes a description of what Allah does such as the Creator, the Provider, the Originator, the Fashioner etc.

Fourth: What signifies that He is free of any want, fault or indignity whatsoever, such as: the Sacred and the Peace.



(58) How many divisions are the Most Beautiful ****s of Allah classified into, in terms of exclusion i.e. that pertains to Allah Alone and no one else?
Some that are attributed alone or with other ****s to Allah. Such ****s that denote Completeness in any form, such as: the Living, The eternal, the One.

Some are mentioned only with their opposites, that if mentioned alone may give a sense of incompleteness. These ****s include: the Harmer and the Benefactor. Thus it is not possible to call Allah the Harmer without calling Him the Benefactor. Also, He refers to Himself as the Exactor of retribution from those who transgress.

Allah said: “Verily from those who transgress We shall exact (due) Retribution.” 32:22

And He refers to Himself as Lord of Retribution in connection to His Exalted Might.

Allah said: “Allah is Exalted in Might, Lord of Retribution.” 3:4


(59) It has been mentioned earlier that the attributes of Allah are two; those describing His being and those describing his actions; what are the examples of the former from the Quran?
Examples are in the following Ayas:
Allah said: “Nay, both His Hands are widely outstretched.” 5:64

Allah said: “Everything (that exists) will perish except his Face” 28:88

Allah said: “But will abide (for ever) the Face of thy Lord,- full of Majesty, Bounty and Honor” 55:27

Allah said: "And (this) in order that thou mayest be reared under Mine Eye" 20:39

Allah said: "How clearly He sees, how finely He hears (everything)!" 18:26

Allah said: "For I am with you: I hear and see (everything): 20:46

Allah said: “He knows what is before or after or behind them: but they shall comprehend Him not.” 20:110

Allah said: “And to Moses Allah Spoke direct.” 4:164

Allah said: “Behold, thy Lord called Moses: “Go to the people of iniquity” 26:10

Allah said: "And their Lord called unto them: "Did I not forbid you that tree!" 7:22


Allah said: “That Day (Allah) will call to them, and say: “What was the answer ye gave to the messengers?”” 28:65

As well as other Ayas.


(60) What are the examples of attributes describing His being from the Hadeeth?
The prophet (S) said: “Light is His (barrier), if He removed it all the creatures that He sees would be burned”

The prophet (S) said: “The right hand of Allah is ever full. And it stays full no matter how much He gives. You see how much He has given sine he created the heavens and the earth, all of this has not diminished what is in His hand. His throne is o water. In His other hand is the power to elevate and debase, thus He elevates people and debases others.

The prophet (S) said: “Allah sees all of you, He is not one-eyed.

The prophet (S) said: “O Allah, I seek help of your knowledge and seek help of Your Power. And seek help of Your Great Bounty. Because You can while I can not, You know while I know not and You know full well the unseen---“

The prophet (S) said: “You do not direct your prayers to a deaf or an absent being. You are calling the All-Hearing, the All-Seeing, the Most Near.”

The prophet (S) said: “If Allah wants to send revelation, He but utters it.”

The prophet (S) said: “Allah says: ‘O Adam’ and Adam replies: ‘At your service O Lord!’

And many more Hadeeths.


(61) What are the examples of action attributes in the Quran?
Examples are in the following Ayas:

Allah said: "Then He turned to the heavens" 2:29 and 41:11

Allah said: “Will they wait until Allah comes to them?” 2:210

Allah said: “No just estimate have they made of Allah, such as is due to Him: on the Day of Judgment the whole of the earth will but His handful, and the heavens will be rolled up in His right hand” 39:67

Allah said: “What prevents thee from prostrating thyself to one whom I have created with My hands?” 38:75

Allah said: “When his Lord manifested Himself to the Mount, He made it as dust” 7:143

Allah said: “For Allah carries out all that He wills” 22:18


(62) What are the examples of action attributes in the Hadeeth?
The prophet (S) said: “Our Lord comes down to the nearest heaven when the night has one third remaining.”

The prophet (S) said: “And Allah comes to them in the picture that they know and says: I am your Lord. And they say: You are our Lord“

The prophet (S) said: “Allah hold the earth on the Day of Judgment, and the heavens will be rolled up in His right hand. Then He says: I am the King --“

The prophet (S) said: “When Allah fashioned His creatures He wrote on Himself: ‘My Mercy will overcome My Fury.’

The prophet (S) said: “Adam will say to Moses: ‘O Moses! Allah has chosen you, spoke to you and wrote to you the Torah with His hand.’

The prophet (S) said: “Allah stretches His hand at night for those who want to repent for sins committed during the day time. And Stretches His hand in the day time for those who want to repent for sins committed during the night.”


(63) Is it possible to derive ****s of Allah from all the action attributes, or are the ****s of Allah all non-derivatives?
All the ****s of Allah are non-derivatives. He is not to be given any other **** except what He has called Himself in the Quran or what the Prophet called Him with. All actions Allah has attributed to Himself is absolute, we are not to derive ****s from any one of them.

Allah said: “It is Allah Who has created you: further, He has provided for your sustenance; then He will cause you to die; and again He will give you life” 30:40

He called Himself the Creator, the Provider, the Giver of life, the Taker of life, the Organizer. Others are actions Allah attributed to Himself and such actions, in their context, show praise and completeness to Allah.

Allah said: “They seek to deceive Allah but it is Allah Who deceives them.” 4:142

And said: "And (the Unbelievers) plotted and planned, and Allah too planned, and the Best of planners is Allah" 3:54


Allah said: “They have forgotten Allah: so He has forgotten them.” 9:67

However, these should not be attributed to Allah out of context. Thus, it should never be said that Allah ‘plots in secret’, ‘deceives’, ‘mocks’ etc. It should never be said, either, that Allah is ‘the secret Plotter’, ‘the Deceiver’, or ‘the Mocker’ Neither a Muslim nor any sane human would say such. Allah describes Himself as such only in connection of retribution to those who do such things unlawfully. Since Allah is All-Just, hence His retribution to those who plot, deceive and mock being of the same kind, is absolute justice and wisdom.

(64) What does the **** ‘Al- A’ala’ ‘Most High- include as well as similar ****s in meaning such as ‘Adhaher’ the one who appears’ Al-Qaher’ the one who overpowers and Al-Muta’aali’ the one who disdains?
His **** the Most High includes the adjective derived from it, i.e. that Highness is attributed to Him in all its meanings. His Highness over His throne, High over all His creatures, above them watching over them, knowing what they do, All-knowing. Nothing about them is hidden from Him. High is He in His power, with no one contesting His power, no one opposing Him, no one refusing Him. All are in submission to His Greatness, humble before His Bounty, low before His Arrogance, under His command and overwhelming power. No one can escape His hold. All attributes of Completeness are constantly His. All wants and faults are none of His. Most Glorified, Most Praised, Most High He is. All these meanings of Highness go together. No one meaning is to be left out.


(65) What evidence is there for Allah’s highness in the Quran?
The evidence concerning this are innumerable, the following are a few examples:
Allah said: “The Most Gracious is firmly established on the Throne” 20:5
This was mentioned seven times in the Quran.
Allah said: “Do ye feel secure that He Who is in heaven will not cause you to be swallowed up by the earth when it shakes (as in an earthquake)? Or do ye feel secure that He Who is in heaven will not send against you a violent tornado (with showers of stones), so that ye shall know how (terrible) was My Warning?” 67:16,17
Allah said: “They all fear their Lord, High above them” 16:50
Allah said: “To Him amount up (all) words of purity: it is He Who exalts each deed of righteousness” 35:10
Allah said: “The angels and the Spirit ascend unto Him.” 70:4
Allah said: “Behold! Allah said: O Jesus! I will take thee and raise thee to Myself” 3:55
As well as other Ayas ‘verses’

(66) What evidence is there for the above in Hadeeth?
The evidence concerning this are innumerable, the following are a few examples:
The prophet (S) said: “The Throne is above that. Allah is above the Throne. He knows what you do.”
The prophet (S), talking to Sa’ad concerning his sentence over the Jews of Quraidha, said: “You have given them a sentence that The King has meted on them from seven heavens above.”
The prophet (S), in the Hadeeth concerning the slave girl, said: “Where is Allah?” She said: “In the heaven.” And he said: “Free her. She is a believer.”
The prophet (S), concerning the succession of angels, said: “Then the angels who were watching you over night would ascend to Him and He would ask them -knowing their answers before hand.”
The prophet (S) said: “Whoever gives in charity even the equal of a single date what he has earned lawfully –and nothing ascends to Allah unless it is lawful-“
The prophet (S) said: “When Allah makes a command in the heaven, the angels beat with their wings in submission to His command”
As well as other Hadeeths.


(67) What did the pious Imams of old say concerning Allah’s Istiwaa or settling?
They were unanimous that: Settling is not unknown, the how He settled is not comprehensible, belief in it, however, is a duty. Questioning about it is Bid’a ‘Innovation. Allah sends the message. The Prophet (s) has to deliver. We have to believe and submit. Such was their stand concerning all the Ayas ‘verses’ and Hadeeths that deal with the ****s and Attributes.
Allah said: “We believe in it, the whole of it is from our Lord ” 3:7
Allah said: “We believe in Allah, and do thou bear witness that we are Muslims.” 3:52



(68) What evidence is there for the elevation of over power in the Quran?
There is much evidence, among them are the following:
Allah said: “He is irresistibly Supreme over His servants” 6:18
Which includes the elevation of overwhelming power and highness.
Allah said: “But Glory be to Him! (He is above such things.) He is Allah, the One, the Overpowering.” 39:4
Allah said: “Whose will be the Dominion that Day? That of Allah, the One, the Overpowering. ” 40:16
Allah said: “Say: “Truly am I a Warner: No god is there but Allah, the One, Supreme and Irresistible.” 38:65
Allah said: “There is not a moving creature, but He has grasp of its fore-lock.” 11:56
Allah said: “O ye assembly of Jinns and men! If it be ye can pass beyond the zones of the heavens and the earth, pass ye! Not without authority shall ye be able to pass!” 55:33
As well as other Ayas ‘verses’


(69) What evidence is there for it in Hadeeth?
There is much evidence for this from Sunnah.
The prophet (S) said: “I take refuge in You against any moving creatures whose fore-lock You have in Your hand”
The prophet (S) said: “O Allah! I am truly Your servant, son of Your servants, my fore-lock is in Your hand, Your command over me is to surely fulfilled, Your sentence over me is most just.”
The prophet (S) said: “Your command is fulfilled against others but no command is fulfilled against You. Your allies are never demeaned, and your enemies are never dignified.”

In addition to much more.


(70) What evidence is there for the elevation of importance and what should not be attributed to Allah in this concern?
The elevation of importance is included in His ****s: the Holy One, the Peace, the Big, the Arrogant, and such like. Thus all His attributes must include such elevation. Allah is higher, in His Oneness, than to have anyone sharing or taking part in His belongings or power or to assist Him therein or to have some one who could assist others against Him or intercede in their behalf without His permission. He is higher in His Greatness, Arrogance, Overpower, than to have anyone who either wants to take part of His domain or to support Him in any of His endeavors. In his lack of need to any outside Himself, He is higher than to need a wife, a son, a father, an equal or a peer. He is higher in the completeness of His life and His eternality, than to die, to need to nap or sleep, to get tired or fatigued. He is higher in the completeness of His knowledge than to overlook or to forget, or to have the weight of an atom or less or more of knowledge be unknown to Him whether in the heavens or on earth. He is higher in the completeness of His wisdom to create anything in vain, or to leave His creatures untended, without commands and prohibitions, with no resurrection or reckoning. He is higher in the completeness of His justice than to be unfair to anyone down to the weight of an atom of injustice, or to over look the least of anyone’s good deeds. He is higher in the completeness of His richness than to be fed, provided for or cared for in any way. He is higher than anything that negates His Godhood, His Lordship, His Most Beautiful ****s and His Highest Attributes.
Allah said: “To Him belongs the loftiest similitude (we can think of) in the heavens and the earth: for He is Exalted in Might, full of Wisdom.” 30:27
The texts from both the Quran and the Sunnah in this concern are many and they are well known and understood.


(71) What is the meaning of the Hadeeth: “Whoever comprehends them –The Most Beautiful ****s of Allah- will enter heaven.”
To memorize them, call Allah by them, praise Allah by them, try to emulate some of them such as the Merciful by trying as much as one can to be merciful, to submit to the ****s such as the Arrogant or the Great, To ask Allah by His ****s signifying promise such as The Oft Forgiving, the Generous and to fear the attributes of ****s such as The one exacting retribution, to know the ****s denoting Allah’s Highness above His creatures, while knowing them and everything concerning them. Thus one comprehending these ****s would humble oneself as a lowly slave is humble before an All-Powerful King. One should know then that his words and deeds will be shown to Allah, hence should not do anything to shame himself before his Lord. One should know that Allah’s commands are sent down every where on earth; giving life to this and taking life from that, giving dignity and elevation to one while debasing another, giving wealth to some but poverty to others. Thus comprehending His ****s means knowing that His actions are only done by Him and His Commands are carried out no matter what.
Allah said: “He directs the affairs from the heavens to the earth: then it ascends unto Him, on a Day the measure of which is a thousand years of your reckoning.” 32:5
Thus if one does truly comprehend the ****s of Allah, then Allah is enough for him, such comprehension, however, is only given to those who are foremost in devotion.


(72) What is the opposite of the unity of ****s and attributes?
Its opposite is Ilhad i.e. addition to or deletion from the ****s and attributes and it is of three types:
First: Ilhad of the idolaters who used the ****s of Allah to call their idols.
Second: Ilhad of simulation, i.e. making the attributes of Allah similar to those of His creatures.
Third: the negators; and these are of two subtypes:
One type say that the ****s of Allah are just ****s not denoting anything. Thus to them Allah is All-Knowing but has no knowledge, All-Seeing without sight, etc.
The other type negate the ****s as well as the meaning. Thus to them Allah is the absolute nothingness with no **** or attribute.
Praise be to Allah High above what these and others say against Him.
Allah said: “Lord of the heavens and of the earth, and of all that is between them: so worship Him, ad be constant and patient in His worship: Knowest thou of any who is worthy of the same **** as He?” 19:65
Allah said: “There is nothing whatever like unto Him, and He is the One that hears and sees.” 42:11
Allah said: “He knows what is before or after or behind them: but they comprehend Him not” 20:110



(73) Are all types of Tawhid ‘unity of Allah’ synonymous such that what negates one negates all?
Yes, they are. Whoever associates in one associates in the others. The example of that is Calling other than Allah and asking him to do what only Allah can do. Thus calling other than Allah is Association in Ilaheyyah, ‘Godhood’ and asking others to do what only Allah can do is association of Rububeyyah, ‘Lordship’ Also calling other than Allah entails a belief that they hear from any distance, thus entailing a third kind of association that is of ****s and attributes.

[زياد عبد الجليل]

(74) What evidence in the Quran and Hadeeth for belief in the Angels?
The evidence from the Quran is diverse:
Allah said: “And the angels celebrate the Praises of their Lord, and pray for forgiveness for all beings on earth.” 42:5

Allah said: “Those who are near to thy Lord, disdain not to worship Him: they glorify Him and prostrate before Him” 7:206

Allah said: “Whoever is an enemy to God and His angels and apostles, to Gabriel and Michael, lo! God is an enemy to those who reject faith.” 2:98

The evidence from Hadeeths is also diverse. The Hadeeth of Jibril is mentioned above.

The prophet (S) said: “That Allah created them of Light.”



(75) What is the meaning of belief in the Angels?
fully to their existence. It is to testify that they are among the creatures of Allah, that they are servants under their Lord and Creator:

Allah said: “(but) servants raised to honor. They speak not before He speaks, and they act (in all things) by His command.” 21:26,27

Allah said: “Over which are (appointed) angels stern (and) severe, who flinch not (from exacting) the commands they receive from God, but do (precisely) what they are commanded.” 66:6

Allah said: “Those who are in His (Very) Presence are not too proud to serve Him, nor are they (ever) weary (of His service). They celebrate His praises night and day, nor do they ever flag or intermit.” 21:19,20

(76) Mention some of the kinds of angels considering what Allah has created them for and charged them with!
They are of many types. Some specialize in delivering revelation to messengers, such as the spirit Jibril. Some have the duty of taking down rain like Mikhail. Some have the duty of sounding the trumpet such as Israfil.

Among them is one who takes away lives, that is the angel of death and his helpers. Among them are those who write down what each servant does and says, those are the elevated writers. Among them are those who protect servants from front and behind. Some of them are the guards of the Garden.
Some are the guards of the Fire. Some are to ask those who enter the grave, Munkar and Nakir. Some carry the Throne. Some praise Allah around the Throne. Some are to enter the House of Allah (in Makkah) every day 70,000 of them enter the House and never enter it again. Others follow the meetings of Quran recitation. Some stand up in prayer never sitting down. Others bow and prostrate never putting their heads up. As well as multitudes of others not known to any one but Allah.

Allah said: “And none can know the forces of thy Lord, except He and this is no other a warning to mankind.” 74:31


(77) What evidence is there for belief in the Holy Books?
The evidence is quite diverse:

Allah said: “O ye who believe, believe in God and His apostle, and the scripture which He has sent to His apostles and the scriptures which He sent to those before (him).” 4:136

Allah said: “Say ye: we believe in God, and the revelation given to us, and to Abraham, Ismael, Isaac, Jacob and the tribes, and that given to Moses and Jesus, and that given to (all) prophets from their Lord: we make no difference between one and another of them: and we bow to God (in Islam).” 2:136

As well as many others. It is sufficient to say:

Allah said: “But say: ‘I believe in whatever Book Allah has sent down.” 42:15


(78) Were all the Holy Books mentioned in the Quran?
Allah mentions some Books (of revelation) in the Quran by ****: The Quran, the Torah, the Injil ‘Gospel’ the psalms, the books of Abraham.

Other Books, however, are mentioned in general.

Allah said: “Allah, there is no god but He, the Living, the Self Subsisting, the Eternal. It is He who sent down to thee (step by step), in truth, the Book, confirming what went before it; and He sent down the Law (of Moses) and the Gospel (of Jesus) before this.” 3:2-4

Allah said: “And to David We gave the psalms.” 4:163

Allah said: “Nay, is he not acquainted with what is in the books of Moses – and of Abraham who fulfilled his (commandments).” 53:36,37

Allah said: “We sent aforetime our messengers with Clear Signs and sent down with them the Book and the Balance (of Right and Wrong), that men may stand forth in justice.” 57:25

Those mentioned by **** we have to believe in by ****, while those mentioned in general we believe in generally. We say what our Prophet commanded us to say:

Allah said: “But say: ‘I believe in whatever Book Allah has sent down.” 42:15


(79) What does belief in the Holy Books mean?
It means the firm belief that all these Books are from Allah. That Allah really said those words. Some heard from behind a veil without the angel delivering them. Some delivered by the spirit. Some Allah wrote down

Allah said: “It is not fitting for a man that Allah should speak to him except by inspiration, or from behind a veil, or by the sending of a Messenger to reveal, with Allah’s permission, what Allah wills.” 42:51

Allah said: “I have chosen thee above other men by the messages I have given thee and by the words I have spoken to thee.” 7:144

Allah said: “And to Moses God spoke direct.” 4:164

Allah said: “And We ordained laws for him in the tablets in all matters, both commanding and explaining all things.” 7:145

Allah said: "We sent him the Injil "Gospel". " 5:46


Allah said: “And to David We gave the psalms.” 4:163

Allah said: “But God bears witness that what He has sent unto thee, He has sent from His (own) knowledge, and the angels bear witness: but enough is God for a witness.” 4:166

Allah said: “(It is) a Quran which We have divided (into parts from time to time), in order that thou mightest recite it to men at intervals: We have revealed it by stages.” 17:106

Allah said: “Verily this is a revelation from the Lord of the Worlds. With it came down the Truthful spirit. To thy heart that thou mayest admonish in the perspicuous Arabic tongue” 26:192-195

Allah said: “Those who reject the Message when it comes to them (are not hidden from Us). And indeed it is a Book of exalted power. No falsehood can approach it from before or behind it: it is sent down by One Full of Wisdom, Worthy of all Praise.” 41:41,42


(80) What position does the Quran occupy in relation to the rest of the holy Books?
Allah said: “To thee we sent the scriptures in truth, confirming the scripture that came before it, and guarding it in safety.” 5:48

Allah said: “This Quran is not such as can be produced by other than Allah; on the contrary it is a confirmation of (revelations) that went before it, and a fuller explanation of the Book-Wherein there is no doubt from the Lord of the Worlds.” 10:37

Allah said: “It is not a tale invented, but a confirmation of what went before it, - a detailed exposition of all things, and a Guide and a Mercy to any such as believe.” 12:111

Guarding it in safety, means a witness and a keeper of the message revealed in other Books. Confirming them, means confirming the truth that is in them and exposing the additions, deletions or any type of manipulation that people made to them. Thus any who believe in the older books has to believe in the Quran.

Allah said: “Those to whom We sent the Book before this, - they do believe in this (Revelation); and when it is recited to them, they say: ‘We believe therein, for it is the Truth from our Lord: indeed we have been Muslims (bowing to Allah’s Will) from before this.’” 28:52,53



(81) What is our duty to the Holy Quran as a Muslim Ummah?
We must follow it part and parcel. We must adhere to it.

Allah said: “And this is a Book which We have revealed as a blessing: so follow it and be righteous, that ye may receive mercy.” 6:155

Allah said: “Follow (O men) the revelation given unto you from your Lord, and follow not, as friends or protectors, other than Him.” 7:3

Allah said: “As to those who hold fast by the Book and establish regular prayer, never shall We suffer the reward of the righteous to perish.” 7:170

Such injunctions apply to all scriptures. The Ayas ‘verses’ concerning this are many. The Prophet (S) advised us to hold fast to the Quran.

The prophet (S) said: “Hold fast to the Book of Allah ‘the Quran’
The prophet (S) said: “There will be trials ---“ Ali asked: “How do we get out of them O Messenger of Allah?” He said: “The Book of Allah ‘the Quran’.”


(82) What is the meaning of adhering to the Book in duty?
IT means protecting it, memorizing it, reciting it, reading it in morning and night prayers, understanding its Ayas ‘verses’, following its commands, heeding its warnings, taking lessons from its parables and stories, defending at against those who try to sway its meanings, and using it to advise the peoples of the world.

(83) What is the status of those who say the Quran is created?
Quran comprises the words of Allah in reality both words and meanings. Thus His words are not only words without meaning or meaning without words. Allah spoke out its words and sent them down to His Messenger as inspiration. The Believers believed therein truly. It is, though written with our hands and read with our tongues, seen with our eyes, is still divine inspiration from Allah. The hands, the eyes and the tongues are created but the words are not.

Allah said: “That this is indeed a Quran most honorable, in a Book well-guarded, which none shall touch but those who are clean: a Revelation from the Lord of the Worlds. Is it such a Message that ye would hold in light esteem? And have ye made it your livelihood that ye should declare it false? Then why do ye not (intervene) when (the soul of the dying man) reaches the throat, - and ye the while (sit) looking on, - but We are nearer to him than ye, and yet ye see not, - then why do ye not, - if you are exempt from (future) account, - call back the soul if ye are true (in your claim of independence)?” 56:77,87

Allah said: “Nay, here are Signs self-evident in the hearts of those endowed with knowledge: and none but the unjust reject Our Signs.” 29:49

Allah said: "And recite (and teach) what has been revealed to thee of the Book of thy Lord: none can chance His Words." 18:27


Allah said: “If one amongst Pagans ask thee for a asylum, grant it to him, so that he may hear the Words of Allah” 9:6

Ibn Masud (r) said: “Let your eyes be ever fixed on the Quran.”

The verses concerning this are innumerable. Whoever says: “The Quran or part of it is created.”, he has committed and act of grosser Kufr that makes him totally a non-Muslim. Because the Quran is the words of Allah. From Him it originated and to Him it will return. It is His speech and His attribute.

Whoever says: “Any of the attributes of Allah is created is” a kafrir and Murtad. Such a person is to be asked to return to Islam or other wise be killed.

[*taqwa*]

jazak allah khier akhi

[زياد عبد الجليل]

jazak allah khier akhi


Jazaky Methloh Sister

[زياد عبد الجليل]

(84) Is the ‘Speech’ of Allah an attribute of Allah or an act of His?
As far as speech is an attribute of Allah, it is an attribute of Allah in so far as it is part of His knowledge. It is also an act of Allah in so far as the fact that He willed to make the speech.
The prophet (S) said: “If Allah wished to reveal a command he but says the inspiration He wants revealed.”
The first Muslim scholars, concerning the attribute of speech, said: “it is an attribute of Allah and an act of His at one and the same time.” Allah has always been able to speak, He speaks according to His will and His power. He speaks if He wills, whenever He wills and in whatever way He wills to whomever He wills. His speech is His attribute that is it is infinite.
Allah said: “Say: ‘If the ocean were ink (wherewith to write out) the Words of my Lord, sooner would the ocean be exhausted than would the Words of my Lord, even if we added another ocean like it, for its aid.’ ” 18:109
Allah said: “And if all the trees on earth were pens and the ocean (were ink), with seven oceans behind it to add to its (supply), yet would not the Words of Allah be exhausted (in the writing).” 31:27
Allah said: “The Word of thy Lord does find its fulfillment in truth and in justice: None can change His Words: for He is the One Who hears and knows all.” 6:115


(85) Who are the ‘Waqifah’ and what is their status?

Imam Ahmad said: “



(86) What is the status of those who utter the two words: ‘Quran’ (is) ‘created’?
Such utterance should not be made in the positive or the negative. Because those who say : the Quran is created are the Jahami which is a lost sect. And he who says it is not created is Mubtadi’ which is another straying sect.

(87) What evidence is there for belief in the Messengers?
The evidence in the Quran and the Sunnah is quite much.
Allah said: “Those who deny God and His apostles, and (those who) wish to separate God from His apostles, saying: We believe in some but we reject others: and (those who) wish to take a course midway, They are in truth (equally) unbelievers; and We have prepared for unbelievers a humiliating punishment. To those who believe in God and His apostles and make no distinction between any of the apostles, We shall soon give their (due) rewards: for God is Oft-Forgiving, Most-Merciful.” 4:150-152


(88) What is the meaning of belief in the Messengers?
It is the firm belief That Allah sent for every people a Messenger from amongst themselves to call them to worship Allah Alone and to disown any that are worshiped besides Him. To believe that all messengers are truthful, sage and honest, pious, well guided and leading others to guidance. To believe that they are proved right by clear signs sent by their Lord. That they have delivered all that Allah sent them to deliver. That they neither have left any thing out nor changed nor added nor deleted a single letter.
Allah said: “But what is the mission of messengers but to preach the Clear Message?” 16:35
To believe that all of them are on the clearest truth. To believe that Allah has taken Abraham as a close friend, and has taken Muhammad (S) a close friend, and has spoken to Moses, and raised Idris to high rank. To believe that Jesus is a servant and Messenger of Allah, and His Word that He sent down to Mary and a spirit from Him. To believe that Allah has preferred some of them to others and raised some of them to higher degrees.


(89) Is the doctrine of all Messengers in unison concerning their commands and prohibitions?
The doctrine of all Messengers is the same in the fundamentals of worship that is monotheism i.e. to give all kinds of worship to Allah alone whether in belief or word or deed, and to disown any that are worshipped besides Him. As for the obligations of worship, each may bring to his people a different set of rules. For instance prayers, fasting etc. obligated may be different form one message to another. Things may be prohibited on some people but allowed to others as a test from Allah.
Allah said: “That He may try which of you is best in deed.” 67:2


(90) What is the evidence that they are all in unison in the origin or the mentioned worship?
The evidence for this in the book is of two types: General and detailed.
As for the general:
Allah said: “For We assuredly sent amongst every people a Messenger, (with the command), ‘Serve Allah, and eschew evil’ ” 16:36
Allah said: “Not an apostle did we send before thee without this inspiration sent by Us to him: that there is no god but I; therefore worship and serve me.” 21:25
Allah said: “And question thou our messengers who We sent before thee; did we appoint any deities other than the Most Gracious, to be worshipped?” 43:45
As for the detailed:
Allah said: “And certainly We sent Noah to his people. He said: ‘O my people! Worship Allah! Ye have no god but Him. Will ye not fear (Him)?’ ” 23:23
Allah said: “To the Thamud people (We Sent) Salih, one of their own brethren. He said: ‘O my people! Worship Allah! Ye have no other God but Him’” 11:61
Allah said: “And To Aad people (We sent) Hud, one of their own brethren. He said: ‘O my people! Worship Allah! Ye have no other God but Him’” 11:50
Allah said: “To the Madyan people (We sent) Shu’aib, one of their own brethren. He said: ‘O my people! Worship Allah! Ye have no other God but Him’” 11:84
Allah said: “Behold! Abraham said to his father and his people: ‘I do indeed clear myself of what ye worship’ : ‘(I worship) only Him Who originated me.’ ” 43:26,27
Allah said: “But the God of you all is Allah: there is no god but He: all things He comprehends in His knowledge.” 20:98
Allah said: “But said Christ: “O Children of Israel! Worship Allah, my Lord and your Lord.” Whoever joins other gods with Allah, - Allah forbid him the Garden, and the Fire will be his abode.” 5:72
Allah said: “Say: “truly am I a Warner: no god is there but Allah, the One, Supreme and Irresistible.” 38:65
As well as other Ayas ‘verses’.

(91) What is the evidence that their laws are different in the details of what is allowed and what is disallowed?
Allah said: “To each among you have we prescribed a Law and an Open Way. If Allah had so willed, He would have made you a single People, but (his plan is) to test you in what He has given you: so strive as in a race in all virtues.” 5:48
Ibn Abbas (R ) said: “A law and an open way, that is the law and the Sunnah.” Also Mujahid, Ekrimah, Al-Hassan Al-Basri, Qatadah, Ad-Dahak, As-sudai and Abu-Ishaq said the same.
The prophet (S) said: “We the Messengers are brothers because our religion is one.”
Meaning that the monotheism Allah sent with every Messenger of His, and included in every Book He revealed. As for the ways of worship in dos and don’ts, in what is allowed and what is prohibited, - these are different from one religion to another.
Allah said: “That He may try which of you is best in deed.” 67:2


(92) Has Allah mentioned all the messengers on the Quran?
Allah has told us some of their stories what is enough in advise and wisdom. Then Allah said:
Allah said: “Of some apostles We have already told thee the story; of others We have not.” 4:164
We must then believe in all of them: in the details He has given and the generalities He has made.


(93) How many of them were mentioned by **** in the Quran?
Allah mentioned the following Messengers by ****: Adam, Noah, Idris, Hud, Salih, Abraham, Ismaail, Isaq, Jacob, Joseph, Lot, Shuaib, Jonah, Moses, Harun, Ilyas, Zakareyah, Yahya (John), Al-Yasha, Zul-Kifl, David, Sulaiman (Solomon) and Ayub (Job). He mentioned the Tribes (children of Jacob) as a group. Finally He mentioned Jesus and Mohammad Peace be upon one and all of them.


(94) Who are the messengers of firm resolution?
They are five Messengers. Allah mentioned in two Ayas ‘verses’ in the Quran. The first is 33:7.
Allah said: “And remember We took from the Prophets their Covenant: and from thee: from Noah, Abraham, Moses and Jesus the son of Mary: We took from them a solemn Covenant” 33:7
The second is 42:13
Allah said: “The same religion has He established for you as that which He enjoined on Noah –the which We have sent by inspiration to thee- and that which We enjoined on Abraham, Moses, and Jesus: ****ly, that ye should remain steadfast in Religion, and make no divisions therein.” 42:13


(95) Who are the first messengers?
The first of them, after people diverted from the true religion of truth for the first time, was Noah (A.S).
Allah said: “We have sent thee inspiration, as We sent it to Noah and the messengers after him.” 4:163
Allah said: “But (there were people) before them, who denied (the Signs),- the People of Noah, and the Confederates after them.” 40:5


(96) When did people start to diverte from the true religion of truth for the first time?
Ibn Abbas (R ) said: There were ten centuries between Noah and Adam. Throughout this period people followed the true religion. Then they stated to divert from it.
Allah said: “and God sent messengers with glad tidings and warnings.” 2:213


(97) Who is the Last Messenger?
The seal of Messengers, Muhammad (S).


(98) What evidence supports this?
Allah said: “Muhammad is not the father of any of your men, but he is the Messenger of Allah, and the Seal of the Prophets.” 33:40
The prophet (S) said: “There will be after me, thirty liars, each claiming to be a prophet. I am the Last Messenger. There is none after me.”
The prophet (S) said to Ali (R ): “Wouldn’t you like to be for me what Harun had been to Moses. Only there is no prophet after me.”
The prophet (S) said: “I am the seal of Messengers. There is no messenger after me.”
As well as many more texts proving the same.


(99) What were the unique qualities of the Prophet Muhammad given to no other Messenger?
The Prophet (s) has many qualities that were unique to him. Among which that he was the seal of the Prophets as mentioned above. Also that he was the best of the children of Adam, as the interpretation of the following verse:
Allah said: “Those apostles we endowed with gifts, some above others: to one of them God spoke, others He raised to degrees (of honor).” 2:253
The prophet (S) said: “I am the best of the children of Adam.”
Also that he was sent to all the peoples, whether Jinns or human.
Allah said: “Say: Omen I am sent unto you all, as the apostle of God.” 7:158
Allah said: “We have not sent thee but as a (Messenger) to all mankind, giving them glad tidings, and warning them (against sin).” 34:28
The prophet (S) said: “I have been given five things which were never given to any before me. I have been given support by the fact that my enemies are in awe of me to the distance of a month of travel. All earth is a mosque for me. Anyone from my Ummah can pray wherever he is. The spoils of war have been allowed to me though not allowed to any before me. I was given permission for intercession (on the day of Judgment). A Messenger used to be sent only to one people, I have been sent to all peoples.
The prophet (S) said: “By Him who has my soul in His hand, none will hear of me from this Ummah, a Jew or a Christian, then die without believing in what I was sent with, but will be a companion of the fire.
He has other qualities in addition to the ones mentioned above. You are encouraged to look them up.


(100) What are the miracles of the messengers?
Miracles are supernatural events that pose a challenge and that cannot be opposed. They are either concrete that can be seen or heard, like the she camel from the rock, (the sign of Salih), the stick turning into a snake (the sign of Moses), speech made by inanimate things, and such like. They could be abstract miracles that can only be perceived by the clear mind such as the miracle of the Quran. The prophet (S) was given all kinds of miracles. Whatever miracles was given a messenger, the Prophet (S) was given a greater one of the same kind. Among the concrete miracles, is the clefting sunder of the moon, and the longing of the palm tree trunk, and the flowing of water from between his fingers, the speech of the sheep arm and the Tasbih (praising of Allah) of the food as well as other miracles mentioned down to us in truthful stories. But, like its sisters of the miracles of the messengers, they went away and only their stories remain. But the everlasting miracle is this Quran whose wonders never come to end.
Allah said: “No falsehood can approach it from before or behind it: it is sent down by One Full of Wisdom, Worthy of all Praise.” 41:42

[زياد عبد الجليل]

(101) What is the evidence that the Quran is miraculous?
It was revealed in the course of twenty years challenging the most eloquent of peoples:
Allah said: “Let them then produce a saying like unto it, -if (it be) they speak the truth!” 52:34
Allah said: “Say. ‘Bring ye then ten Suras forged, like unto it.’” 11:13
Allah said: “Say: “Bring then a Sura like unto it, and call (to your aid) anyone you can, besides Allah, if it be ye speak the truth!” 10:38
They did not do so, though they were very keen to prove it wrong and fabricated, and though it is made up of the very same letters of their alphabet, and though its words were the very same that they used in their ********, and though it was in a domain they prided themselves in being the highest therein. However they were unable to match it in any way. Then the Quran proclaimed their inability and its superiority:
Allah said: “Say: “If the whole of mankind and Jinns were to gather together to produce the like of this Quran, they could not produce the like thereof, even they backed up each other with help and support.” 17:88
The prophet (S) said: “Every messenger was given a sign by Allah so that people should believe in him. I was given this revelation and I hope to be the messenger with the most followers on the day of Judgment.”
Scholars have written volumes about the wonders of the Quran – in terms of diction, meaning, news of the past and the future, etc. - but they have shown as much as what a bird can take with its bill from a full sea.


(102) What evidence in the Quran support the belief in ‘the Last Day’
Allah said: “Those who rest not their hope on their meeting with Us, but are pleased and satisfied with the life of the Present, and those who heed not Our Signs, - there abode is the Fire, because of the (evil) they earned.” 10:7,8
Allah said: “For those whose hopes are in the meeting with Allah, the Term (appointed) by Allah is surely coming.” 29:5
Allah said: “Verily that which ye are promised is true; and verily Judgment and Justice will surely come to pass.” 51:5,6
Allah said: “The Hour will certainly come: therein is no doubt.” 40:59
As well as many more Ayas proving the same.


(103) What is the meaning of ‘belief in the Last Day’, and what does that include?
It means the firm belief that it will surely come to pass and to work accordingly. It also entails the belief in the signs of the Hour and the events that will surely precede its coming. The belief in death and what follows it of the trials of the grave and the bliss or the punishment therein. The belief in the sounding of the trumpet, of the resurrection, of the horror of the day of Judgment, the gathering of all the peoples the spreading of the scrolls, the setting of the balance, the Sirat, the Hawdh, the intercession, and others. It also entails the belief in the Garden with its joys –the highest of which is looking at Allah- and the Fire with its punishment –the severest of which is their deprivation of looking at Allah.

(104) Does anyone know when the Hour will arise?
The coming of the Hour is one of the keys of the unseen of which Allah alone knows.
Allah said: “Verily the knowledge of the Hour with Allah (alone). It is He Who sends down rain, and He Who knows what is in the wombs. Nor does anyone know what it is that he will earn on the morrow: Nor does anyone know in what land he is to die.” 31:34
Allah said: “They ask thee about the (final) Hour, when will be its appointed time? Say: the knowledge thereof is with my Lord (alone) none but He can reveal as to when it will occur. Heavy were its burden through the heavens and the earth. Only, all of a sudden will it come to you.” 7:187
Allah said: “They ask thee about the Hour– When will be its appointed time? Wherein are thou (concerned) with the declaration thereof? With thy Lord is the final end of it.” 79:42-44
When Jibril asked the Prophet about the Hour,
The prophet (S) said: “The one questioned knows no more of it than the one posing the question.”
The Prophet mentioned its signs and included it in five none but Allah knows and recited the above Ayah.


(105) What are the examples in the Quran of the signs of the Hour?
Allah said: “Are they waiting to see if the angels come to them, or thy Lord (Himself), or certain of the Signs of thy Lord! The day that certain of the Signs of the Lord do come, no good will it do to a soul to believe then, if it believed not before nor earned righteousness through its Faith.” 6:158
Allah said: “And when the Word is fulfilled against them (the unjust), We shall bring forth from the earth a beast to speak unto them because mankind had no faith in our Signs.” 27:82
Allah said: “Until the Gog and Magog (people) are let through (their barrier), and they swiftly swarm from every hill. Then will the true promise draw neigh (of fulfillment)” 21:96,97
Allah said: “Then watch thou for the Day that the sky will bring forth a kind of smoke (or mist) plainly visible.” 44:10
Allah said: “O mankind! Fear your Lord! For the convulsion of the Hour (of Judgment) will be a thing terrible!” 22:1


(106) What are the examples in the Sunnah of the signs of the Hour?
The Hadeeths of the sun rising from the West, the trials like that of the Anti Christ, and the great wars, the coming of Jesus, the release of Gog and Magog. Also the Hadeeths of the smoke, the wind that will take the life of every believing person, the fire that will appear the eclipse of the moon and other Hadeeths.


(107) What evidence supports the belief in Maut ‘Death’?
Allah said: “Say: “The Angel of Death, put in charge of you, will (duly) take your souls: then shall ye be brought back to your Lord.” 32:11
Allah said: “Every soul shall have a taste of death and only on the Day of Judgment shall you be paid your full recompense.” 3:185
Allah said: “Truly thou wilt die (one day), and truly they (too) will die (one day).” 39:30
Allah said: “We granted not to any man before thee permanent life (here): if then thou shouldst die, would they live permanently?” 21:34
Allah said: “All that is on earth will perish: but will abide (for ever) the Face of thy Lord,- full of Majesty, Bounty Honor.” 55:26,27
Allah said: “Everything (that exists) will perish except His Face.” 28:88
Allah said: “And put thy trust in Him Who lives and dies not.” 25:58
As well as many other Ayahs and Hadeeths. Death is a fact seen and unquestioned, and undoubted. Only people show arrogance and pride and refuse to take a lesson from it. Except the devoted servants who work according to their belief in it. We also believe that whoever dies by killing or any other means, it is in a term appointed.
Allah said: “Each one runs (its course) for a term appointed.” 13:2
Allah said: “When their term is reached, not an hour can they cause delay, nor (an hour) can they advance (it in anticipation).” 7:34

(108) What evidence in the Quran support the belief in the affliction of the grave as well as it being a blessing or a punishment?
Allah said: “-By no means! It is but a word he says.- Before them is a Partition till the Day they are raised up” 23:100
Allah said: “But the brunt of the Chastisement encompassed on all sides the People of Pharaoh. In front of the Fire will they be brought, morning and evening: and (the sentence will be) on the Day when the Hour comes to pass: “Cast ye People of Pharaoh into the severest Penalty” 40:45,46
Allah said: “All will establish in strength those who believe, with the Word that stands firm, in this world and in the Hereafter.” 14:27
Allah said: “If thou couldst but see how the wicked (do fare) in the agonies of death! – The angels stretch forth their hands, (saying), ‘Yield up your souls: This day shall ye receive your reward, - a chastisement of disgrace.’” 6:93
Allah said: “Twice shall We punish them: and in addition shall they be sent to a grievous chastisement” 9:101
As well as many more texts proving the same.


(109) What evidence in the Sunnah support this belief?
The prophet (S) said: “When a servant is put in the grave and his people leave him, he would be hearing the sound of their feet, the two angels would come to him. They would set him up and say: “What did you say concerning this man –meaning the Prophet (S)-? the Believer would say: I bear witness he is a servant and a messenger of Allah. They would say: Look at your place in Hell! Allah has changed that for you with a place in Heaven. He would see both places. (Abu Qatadah mentioned that: We were told that his grave would be made spacious.) The unbeliever would be asked: “What did you say concerning this man –meaning the Prophet (S)-? the Unbeliever would say: I do not know. I used to say what other people. They would say: May you never know. And they hit with hammers of steel a blow and he would give such a scream that will be heard by all except the Jinns and the humans.”
The prophet (S) said: “When one of you dies, his place would be shown to him morning and evening. If he were of the people of Heaven, or if he were of the people of Hell. He would be told this is your place till Allah resurrects you on the Judgment Day.
The prophet (S) said: “The two are being punished (in the grave).”
The prophet (S) –passing the Jewish cemetery at sunset, he heard a sound- said: “The Jews are being punished in their graves.”


(110) What evidence supports the belief in ‘the Resurrection’?
Allah said: “O mankind! If you have a doubt in the resurrection, (consider) that We created you out of dust, then out of a sperm, then out of a leech-like clot, then out of a morsel of flesh, partly formed and partly unformed, in order that We may manifest (Our Power) to you; and We cause whom We will to rest in the wombs for an appointed term, then do We bring you out as babies, then (foster you) that ye may reach your age of full strength; and some of you are called to die, and some are sent back to feeblest old age, so that they know nothing after having known (much). And (further), thou seest the earth barren and lifeless, but when We pour down rain on it, it is stirred (to life), it swells, and it puts forth every kind of beautiful growth (in pairs). This is so, because Allah is the Reality: it is He Who gives life to the dead, and He Who has power over all things. And verily the Hour will come: there ca be no doubt about it, or about (the fact) that Allah will raise up all who are in the graves.” 22:5,6,7
Allah said: “It is He Who begins the creation, then repeats it; and for Him it is most easy.” 30:27
Allah said: “Even as We produced the first creation, so shall We produce a new one.” 21:104
Allah said: “Man says: “What! When I am dead, shall I then be raised up alive?” But does not man call to mind that We created him before out of nothing?” 19:66,67
Allah said: “Does not man see that it is We Who created him from sperm? Yet behold! He (stands forth) as an open adversary! And he makes comparisons for Us, and forgets his own (origin and) Creation: He says: “Who can give life to (dry) bones and decomposed ones (at that)?” Say: “He will give them life Who created them for the first time! For He fully knows all creation.” 36:77-79
Allah said: “See they not that Allah, Who created the heavens and the earth, and never wearied with their creation, is able to give life to the dead? Yea, verily He has power over all things.” 46:33
Allah said: “And among his Signs is this: thou seest the earth humble; but when We send down rain to it, it stirred to life and yields increase. Truly He Who gives life to the (dead) earth can surely give life to (men) who are dead. For He has power over all things.” 41:39
As well as many more texts proving the same.
Allah usually gives an example for this the giving life to dead earth through water.
The prophet (S) said: “Whoever dies and is put in a grave, is made to sit up and two angels question them. I asked O prophet of Allah! How is one put together after one is killed by a lion or in some other way? The Prophet (S) said: “I will give you an example from the sings of Allah; you would see land that is totally barren and desolate and say this will never come to life again. Then Allah sends it some rain. And in a few days if you see it again, it is green. By God, Allah is more able to bring you forth after you day than He is able to bring forth the plants and trees, you would come out of your deaths.”



(111) What is the status of those who disbelieve in resurrection?
He is a Kafir ‘Unbeliever’ in Allah, His Books and His Messengers.
Allah said: “The Unbelievers say: “What! When we become dust,- we and our fathers,- shall we really be raised (from the dead)?” 27:67
Allah said: “If thou dost marvel (at their want of faith), strange is their saying: ‘When we are (actually) dust, shall we indeed then be in a creation renewed?’ They are those who deny their Lord! They are those round whose necks will be yokes (of servitude): they will be Companions of the Fire, to dwell therein (for aye)!” 13:5
Allah said: “The Unbelievers think that they will not be raised up (for Judgment). Say: “Yea, by my Lord, ye shall surely be raised up: then shall ye be told (the truth) of all that ye did. And that is easy for Allah.” 64:7
As well as many more texts proving the same.
The prophet (S) said: “Allah said: “The son of Adam disbelieves in Me, though he has no right to do so. He abuses me, yet has no right to do so. He disbelieves by saying: “He will not resurrect me.” Yet resurrection is easier to Allah than first creation- He abuses Me by saying: “Allah has begotten a son!” I am the One. I am the Eternal, Absolute. I beget not nor am begotten and there is none like unto Me.”


(112) What evidence supports the belief in ‘the sounding of the trumpet’ and how many times will it be sounded?
Allah said: “The Trumpet will (just) be sounded, when all that are in the heavens and on earth will swoon, except such as it will please Allah (to exempt). Then will a second one be sounded, when, behold, they will be standing and looking on!” 39:68
In this Ayah, Allah mentions two soundings of the trumpet. The first to annihilate and the second to resurrect.
Allah said: “And the Day that the Trumpet will be sounded – then will be smitten with terror those who are in the heavens, and those who are on earth, except such as Allah will please (to exempt): and all shall come to Him in utter humility. ” 27:87
Whoever explains ‘Terror’ in this Ayah as the annihilation of all creatures, then it is the first sounding of the trumpet mentioned in 39:68. this is further evidenced by the following Hadeeth.
The prophet (S) said: “Then the Trumpet is sounded, and no one hears it but dies. Then Allah sends rain, and the bodies of the people will grow back. Then the trumpet is sounded a second time and the people will stand and look.”
Whoever explains ‘Terror’ in this Ayah not as the annihilation of all creatures, then it is a third sounding of the trumpet that precedes the other two soundings. This is evidenced by the long Hadeeth of the Trumpet. In this Hadeeth three soundings are mentioned, the sounding of terror, the sounding of annihilation and the sounding of resurrection.


(113) How is Hashr -the gathering together of mankind at the Resurrection described in the Quran?
There are many Ayahs describing Hasher. Among them are the following:
Allah said: “And Behold! Ye come to Us bare and alone as We created you for the first time” 6:94
Allah said: “And We shall gather them, all together, nor shall We leave out anyone of them.” 18:47
Allah said: “The Day We shall gather the righteous to the (Allah) Most Gracious, like a band (presented before the king for honors) and We shall drive the sinners to hell, (like thirsty cattle driven down to water,-)” 19:85,86
Allah said: “And ye shall be sorted out into three classes. Then (there will be) the Companions of the Right Hand; -what will be the Companions of the Right Hand? And the Companions of the Left Hand,- What will be the Companions of the Left Hand! And those foremost (in Faith) will be foremost (in the Hereafter)” 56:7-10
Allah said: “On that Day will they follow the caller (straight): no crookedness in him: and the voices will be hushed to the Most Gracious: so that thou hearest not but the shifting of feet.” 20:108
That is the sound of feet shifting to the gathering place like the sound of camels feet on the sands.
Allah said: “It is he whom Allah guides, that is on true guidance; but he whom He leaves astray –for such wilt thou find no protector besides Him. On the Day of Judgment We shall gather them together, prone on their faces” 17:97
As well as many more texts proving the same.

[زياد عبد الجليل]

(114) How is it described in the Sunnah?
The prophet (S) said: “People will be gathered together in three groups: The first are the Willing and the Fearing, the second are two on a camel, three on a camel, four on a camel and ten on a camel. The third group will be gathered by the Fire going with them where ever they go.”

The prophet (S), when asked how a man can be gathered on his face (on Judgment Day), said: “Is He who made him able to walk on two legs on earth, not able to make him move on his face on Judgment Day?”


The prophet (S) said: “You will be gathered bare-footed, naked, uncircumcised. Allah said: “Even as We produced the first creation, so shall We produce a new one.” 21:104. The first Human to be clothed on that Day will be Abraham. Aisha (R ) said: O Prophet of Allah! The men and women will be looking at each other? He said: “The calamity will be too much for them to pay attention to that.”


(115) How is Mauqif -the standing together of mankind at the Resurrection described in the Quran?
Allah said: “Think not that Allah does not heed the deeds of those who do wrong. He but gives them respite against a Day when the eyes will fixedly stare in horror,- they running forward with necks out stretched, there heads uplifted, their gaze returning not towards them, and their hearts a (gaping) void!” 14:42,43
Allah said: “The Day that the Spirit and the angels will stand forth in ranks, none shall speak except any who is permitted by the Most Gracious, and he will say what is right.” 78:38
Allah said: “Warn them of the Day that is (ever) drawing near, when the Hearts will (come) right up to the Throats to choke (them); no intimate friend nor intercessors will the wrong-doers have, who could be listened to.” 40:18
Allah said: “In a Day the measure whereof is (as) fifty thousand years.” 70:4
Allah said: “Soon shall We settle your affairs, o both ye worlds! ” 55:31
As well as many more texts proving the same.


(116) How is Mauqif -the standing together of mankind at the Resurrection described in the Sunnah?
There are many Hadeeths on this, among which:
The prophet (S) said: “Allah said: “A Day when (all) mankind will stand before the Lord of the Worlds.” 83:6- One will stand up his sweat drenching him half way to his ears.”
The prophet (S) said: “People will sweat on Judgment Day till their sweat will go seventy arms deep down the ground and drench them up to their ears.
As well as many more texts proving the same.


(117) How is ‘ard ‘Marshalling before their Lord’ and Hisab ‘reckoning’ of mankind at the Resurrection described in the Quran?
Allah said: “That Day shall ye be brought to Judgment: not an act of yours that ye hide will be hidden.” 69:18
Allah said: “And they will be marshaled before thy Lord in ranks (with the announcement), ‘Now have ye come to Us (bare) as We created you first’ ” 18:48
Allah said: “The Day We shall gather together from every people a troop of those who reject our Signs, and they shall be kept in ranks,- until, when they come (before the judgment-seat) (Allah) will say: “Did ye reject My Signs, though ye comprehended them not in knowledge, or what was it ye did?’ And the Word will be fulfilled against them, because of their wrong-doings, and they will be unable to speak (in plea).” 27:83-85
Allah said: “On that Day will men proceed in groups sorted out, to be shown the Deeds that they (had done). Then shall anyone who has done an atom’s weight of good, see it! And anyone who has done an atom’s weight of evil, shall see it.” 99:6-8
Allah said: “Therefore, by thy Lord, We will, of a surety, call them to account, for all their deeds.” 15:92,93
Allah said: “But stop them, for they must be asked.” 37:24


(118) How is it described in the Sunnah?
There are many Hadeeths concerning this, among them:
The prophet (S) said: “Whoever is questioned during the reckoning will be punished.” Aisha (R ) said: “Doesn’t Allah say: “Soon will his account be taken by an easy reckoning.” 84:8. He said: “That is the during the ‘ard ‘Showing’ of people to Allah.
The prophet (S) said: “The Kafir ‘Unbeliever’ will be brought on Judgment Day. He will be told: If you had an earthful of gold, would you have ransomed yourself? He would say: “Yes, I would.” He will be further asked: “You were asked to do much less than that; not to associate with Allah, but you refused.”

The prophet (S) said: “Each of you will be spoken to by his Lord, without an interpreter. You would then to the right and the left and see nothing but your past deeds, and you would look ahead and see nothing but the Fire. Protect yourselves from the Fire even by giving half a date (in Charity), or even by saying a good word.”

The prophet (S) said: “Each one of you will draw near –meaning the Believers- to his Lord till he can put his ----- on him. And He will say: “Have you done such and such?” He will say: “Yes, I have.” And He will say: “Have you done such and such?” He will say: “Yes, I have.” Then Allah will say: “I have kept your secret sins on earth and today I forgive them for you.”


(119) How is Nashr As-Suhuf ‘the laying open of the scrolls’ of mankind at the Resurrection described in the Quran?
Allah said: “Every man’s fate We have fastened on his own neck: on the Day of Judgment We shall bring out for him a scroll, which he will see spread open. (It will be said to him “Read thine (own) record: sufficient is thy soul this day to make out an account against thee.” 17:13,14
Allah said: “When the scrolls are laid open.” 81:10
Allah said: “And the Book (of Deeds) will be placed (before you); and thou wilt see the sinful in great terror because of what is (recorded) therein; they will say, ‘Ah! Woe to us! What a Book is this! It leaves out nothing small or great, but takes account thereof!’ They will find all that they did, placed before them: And not one will thy Lord treat with injustice.” 18:49
Allah said: “Then he that will be given his Record in his Right hand will say: ‘Ah here! Read ye my Record!” 69:19
Allah said: “Which none do eat but those in sin.” 69:37
Allah said: “Then he who is given his Record in his Right hand, soon will his account be taken by an easy reckoning, and he will turn to his people, rejoicing! But he who is given his Record behind his back.” 84:7-10
This proves that whoever gets his Book by his right hand will get it from the front. And that whoever gets his Book by his left hand will get it from behind his back, may Allah protect us from that.


(120) How is this evidenced in the Sunnah?
The prophet (S) said: “Each one of you will draw near –meaning the Believers- to his Lord till he can put his ----- on him. And He will say: “Have you done such and such?” He will say: “Yes, I have.” And He will say: “Have you done such and such?” He will say: “Yes, I have.” Then Allah will say: “I have kept your secret sins on earth and today I forgive them for you.” Then the book of his good deeds will be closed. As for the unbelievers, they will be called publicly before witnesses- Allah said: “And the witnesses will say, “There are the ones who lied against their Lord!” 11:18-
When Aisha (R ) asked: “O Prophet of Allah! Will lovers remember one another on Judgment Day?” The prophet (S) said: “O Aisha! They will not do so on three occasions: At the balance where ones good deeds will be weighty or light, at the handing out of books when one gets his or her book by the right or the left hand, and at the time one’s neck comes out of the Fire.

(121) What evidence supports Al-Mizaan ‘the Balance (of Justice) in the Quran, and how is the weighing described?
Allah said: “We shall set up scales of justice for the Day of Judgment, so that not a soul will be dealt with unjustly in the least. And if there be (no more than) the weight of a mustard seed, We will bring it (to account): and enough are We to take account.” 21:47
Allah said: “The balance that Day will be true (to a nicety): those whose scale (of good) will be heavy, will prosper.” 7:8
Allah said: “But those whose balance is light, will be those who have lost their souls; in Hell will they abide.” 23:103
Allah said: “Nor shall We on the day of judgment give them any weight“ 18:105


(122) How is this evidenced and described in Sunnah?
Many Hadeeths describe it. Among them the Hadeeth of the card where the two Shahadas are written and that it weighs more than 90 books of evil deeds each of which is as long as the eye can see. Also the Hadeeth concerning Ibn Masuud when the Sahabah joked about his thin legs.
The Prophet said: “You wonder at his thin legs. By the One Who has my soul in His right hand, they (his legs) are heavier in the balance of Judgment Day than the mount of Uhud.”
The prophet (S) said: “A man, fat and bulky, on the Day of Judgment, and he won’t have the weight of a wing of a mosquito in the sight of Allah. and he said: Read:Allah said: “Nor shall We on the Day of Judgment give them any weight” 18:105

(123) What evidence is there for the Sirat ‘Path‘ in the Quran?
Allah said: “Not one of you but will pass over it: this is, with thy Lord, a Decree which must be accomplished. But We shall save those who guarded against evil, and We shall leave the wrong-doers therein, (humbled) to their knees.” 19:71,72
Allah said: “The Day shalt thou see the believing men and the believing women- How their light runs forward before them and by their right hands.” 57:12

(124) What the evidence and description for it in the Sunnah?
There are many traditions concerning this. Among them:
The prophet (S) said: “The bridge is brought before the two ends of Hell. We asked: Oh Prophet of Allah, What is the bridge? He said: It is a bridge that passes over the Hell. Believing Muslims will successfully pass over it. Some will pass as fast as lightening, or as fast as the wind or as fast as fast horses. Some will pass unharmed. Others will get some scratches. Others still will fall into Hell. The last of them will be pulled over it.”
Abu Sayeed (R) said: “I was told that the bridge is finer than a hair and sharper than a sword.


(125) What evidence is there for the Qisaas ‘ ‘ in the Quran?
Allah said: “Allah is never unjust in the least degree: if there is any good (done), He doubles it, and gives from His Own Self a great reward.” 4:40
Allah said: “That Day will every soul be requited for what it earned; no injustice will there be that Day, for Allah is Swift in taking account. Warn them of the Day that is (ever) drawing near, when the Hearts will (come) right up to the Throats to choke (them); no intimate friend nor intercessors will the wrong-doers have, who could be listened to. (Allah) knows that treachery of the eyes, and all that the hearts (of men) conceal. And Allah will judge with (Justice and) Truth. ” 40:17-20
Allah said: “And a just decision pronounced between them; and they will not be wronged (in the least).” 39:69

[زياد عبد الجليل]

(126) What the evidence and description for it in the Sunnah?
There are many traditions concerning this. Among them:
The prophet (S) said: “The first cases to be settled among the people are the cases of murder.”
The prophet (S) said: “If one has wronged his brother, let him settle it now. Because on the day of Judgment there nothing will be settled with money but the wronged will take from the good deeds of the one who wronged him. and if the latter had done no good deeds, the bad deeds of the wronged will be added to his.”
The prophet (S) said: “After the believers pass the Hell they will be kept at a bridge between the Heaven and the Hell. The wrong doings that some of them had done against others are settled then. When they are cleansed and purified, they will be allowed to enter Heaven.”

(127) What evidence is there for the Hawdh ‘ ‘ in the Quran?
Allah said: “To thee We have granted the Abundance.” 108:1


(128) What the evidence and description for it in the Sunnah?
The prophet (S) said: “I will be the first amongst you to drink at the Haudh.”
The prophet (S) said: “I will be the first of you and a witness unto you (at the Haudh) and By Allah I can see my Haudh now.”
The prophet (S) said: “My haudh is as long as a distance you walk in a month. Its water is whiter than milk. It smells better than musk. Its cups are like stars. Whoever drinks from it will never feel thirsty again.”
The prophet (S) said: “I was given a river or I reached a river (in Heaven). Its banks were made of hollow pearls. I asked Jibreel: “What is this?” he said: this is AL-Kauthar.”

(129) What evidence is there for the belief in the Garden and the Fire in the Quran and the Sunnah?
Allah said: “Then fear the Fire whose fuel is Men and Stones, - which is prepared for those who reject Faith. But give glad tidings to those who believe and work righteousness, that their portion is Gardens, beneath which rivers flow.” 2:24,25
The prophet (S) said: “Praise be to you. You are the Truth. Your Promise is the Truth. Meeting you is the truth. What you say is the truth. The Garden is there in truth. Hell is there in truth. Prophets are there in truth. Muhammad (S) is there in truth. The Hour is there in truth.”
The prophet (S) said: “Whoever bears witness that there is no God But Allah, alone with out partner, that Muhammad is His servant and Messenger, that Jesus is His servant and Messenger and His word that He sent down to Mary and a Spirit from Him, that Heaven is there in truth, that Hell is there in truth, Allah will let him enter the Garden according to his deeds.” In another narration: “Allah will let him enter through any of the eight gates of Heaven he chooses.”

(130) What is the meaning of the belief in the Garden and the Fire?
It is to firmly believe in their existence. It is to believe that they will continue to exist as Allah wills them to. It is to believe that they will never cease to exist. This includes believing in whatever the first contains of bless and the latter of suffering.


(131) What evidence is there that they exist now?
Allah tells us they are prepared. He said concerning the Garden:
Allah said: “Prepared for the righteous.” 3:133
He said concerning the Hell:
Allah said: “Prepared for those who reject Faith.” 3:131
And He tells us that He had put Adam and Eve in the Garden before they ate from the tree. He also tells us the unbelievers are brought in front of the fire morning and evening.
The prophet (S) said: “I looked at Heaven, and I saw that most of its dwellers are the poor. I looked at Hell and I found most of its dwellers are women.”
It was mentioned above that when a person dies, he is shown his place in heaven or hell.
The prophet (S) said: “Cool yourselves down through prayers. This waves of heat are from the breath of Hell.”
The prophet (S) said: “Hell complained to its Lord and said: ‘Oh Lord, parts of me have eaten other parts.’ Then He allowed it two breaths; one in winter and one in summer. These are the worst you feel of heat and the worst of cold.”
The prophet (S) said: “Fever is a breath from Hell, cool it down with water.”
The prophet (S) said: “When Allah created Jannah and Naar, He sent Jibreel to Jannah. He said: Go and look at it.”
They were shown to the Prophet (S) where he was seated when the sun was eclipsed as they were shown to him on the night of Israa (ascension to Heaven). There are very many Hadeeth that deal with this.


(132) What evidence is there that they exist eternally?
Allah said: “To dwell therein forever: that is the supreme triumph.” 9:100
Allah said: “Nor shall they (ever) be asked to leave.” 15:48
Allah said: “-- a gift without break.” 11:108
Allah said: “Truly such will be Our Bounty (to you): it will never fail.” 38:54
Allah said: “As to the Righteous (they will be) in a position of security, among Gardens and Springs; dressed in fine silk and in rich brocade, they will face each other, so and We shall wed them to maidens with beautiful big and lustrous eyes. There can they call for every kind of fruit in peace and security; Nor will they there taste Death, except the first Death.” 44:51-56
As well as other Ayas in which Allah tells us of its eternality and the eternality of its dwellers. That it will never be cut off from them. That they will never get out of it. The same applies to the Hell.
Allah said: “Except the way of Hell, to dwell therein forever.” 4:169
Allah said: “Verily Allah has cursed the Unbelievers and prepared for them a blazing Fire, to dwell therein forever: No protector will they find therein nor helper.” 33:64,65
Allah said: “For any that disobey Allah and His Messenger,- for them is Hell: they shall dwell therein for ever.” 72:23
Allah said: “Nor will there be a way for them out of the Fire.” 2:167
Allah said: “Nowise will the (punishment) be lightened for them, and in despair will they be there overwhelmed.” 43:75
Allah said: “No term shall be determined for them, so they should die, nor shall its Chastisement be lightened for them.” 35:36
Allah said: “Verily he who comes to his Lord as a sinner (at Judgment) – for him is Hell: therein shall he neither die nor live.” 20:74
As well as other Ayas in which Allah tells us that the dwellers of Hell were created for Hell and it was created for them. They will abide there eternally. Thus they will never leave it. Allah said: “They will never leave (Hell).” Their torment will never decrease. Allah said: “(Torment) will never be lessened on them.”

They will not even perish therein.
Allah said: “In which he will then neither die nor live.” 87:13
The prophet (S) said: “When the people of Jannah have entered Jannah and the people of Naar have entered Naar, death wll be brought till it is put between Jannah and Naar, then it is slaughtered. Then a call will be made: “Oh people of Jannah there is no death. Oh people of Naar, there is no death. The people of Jannah will become even happier and the people of Naar will become even more distressed”
The prophet (S) said: “Each will eternally stay in what they attain.” Then the Prophet (S) read the Ayah
Allah said: “But warn them of the Day of Distress, when the matter will be determined: for (behold,) they are negligent and they do not believe!” 19:39


(133) What evidence is there that the believers see their Lord in the Hereafter?
Allah said: “Some faces that Day will beam (in brightness and beauty); - Looking towards their Lord.” 75:22,23
Allah said: “To those who do right is a goodly (reward)- Yea, more (than in measure) (the bless of seeing His face)” 10:26
As for the disbelievers Allah said: “Verily, from (the Light of) their Lord, that Day, will they be veiled.” 83:15
If Allah disallows his enemies to see the light of their Lord, He will not disallow His allies.
Jarir Bin Abdullahi (R. A) said: we were seated together with the Prophet of Allah (S) when he looked at the full moon and said: “Most surely you will see your Lord as clearly as you see this (full moon). You will not find it difficult to see Him. therefore you should persist on praying before sunrise and before sunset, if you can.”
As you can see this full moon does not mean that Allah looks like the moon but that they will be able to see Him as they were able to see the moon.
Suhaib (R. A) narrates that the Prophet said: “The veil will be lifted and the believers will find nothing they have ever been given is dearer to them than looking at their Lord.” Then he read the following Ayah
Allah said: “To those who do right is a goodly (reward)- Yea, more (than in measure) (the bless of seeing His face)” 10:26
Whoever disbelieves in this has disbelieved in the Book and what Allah has revealed to his Messengers. Such would be among those meant in the following Ayah.
Allah said: “Verily, from (the Light of) their Lord, that Day, will they be veiled.” 83:15


(134) What evidence is there to support the belief in Shafa’ah ‘intercession’, from whom will it be acceptable, to whom will it be granted and when will it be done?
Shafaah (intercession) has been mentioned in diverse places in the Quran and tells us that it is exclusively His.
Allah said: “Say: “To Allah belongs exclusively (the right to grant) intercession. ” 39:44
Allah also tells us it will only be according to His permission.
Allah said: “Who is he can intercede in His Presence except as He permits?” 2:255
Allah said: “No intercessor (can plead with Him) except after His leave (has been obtained).” 10:3
Allah said: “How many-so-ever be the angels in the heavens, their intercession will avail nothing except after Allah has given leave for whom He pleases and that he is acceptable to Him.” 53:26
Allah said: “No intercession can avail with Him except for those for whom He has granted permission.” 34:23
Allah also tells us it will be granted only after His permission and only to those who have got a covenant with Allah.
Allah said: “None shall speak except any who is permitted by the Most Gracious, and he will say what is right.” 78:38
Allah said: “None shall have the power of intercession, but such one as has received permission (or promise) from (Allah) Most Gracious.” 19:87
It will benefit only those with whom Allah is pleased.
Allah said: “They offer no intercession except for those with whom He is well-pleased and they stand in awe and reverence of His (Glory).” 21:28
Allah said: “On that Day shall no intercession avail except for those for whom permission has been granted by the Most Gracious and whose word is acceptable to Him.” 20:109
Allah is only well-pleased with the people who believe in His oneness and who are devout to Him.
As for others Allah said: “No intimate friend nor intercessors will the wrong-doers have, who could be listened to.” 40:18
Allah said: “ Now, then, we have none to intercede (for us), nor a single intimate friend.” 26:100,101
Allah said: “Then will no intercession of (any) intercessors profit them.” 74:48
The Prophet (S) told us that he was given the right to intercede. Then he told us that he would come and prostrate himself under the Throne, praise his Lord as He had taught him. He will not start to intercede till he is told: raise your head and talk and you will be heard, ask and you will be given and intercede and your intercession will be accepted. Then he told us that he would not intercede to all the sinners among the believers at one go. Allah will make a mark for me among the people and I will make them enter Jannah. Then he would go and prostrate himself again and Allah will make another mark for him – till the end of the intercession Hadeeth.”
Abu Huraira (R.A) asked the prophet (S): Who will be happiest with your intercession (on his behalf)? The prophet (S) said: “Who says La Ilaha Illa Allah –there is no god but Allah- purely from his heart.”


(135) How many types of Shafa’ah are there and which is the greatest one?
There are six types of Shafa’ah.
The first and the highest of them is the one on the Day of Judgment when Allah comes to settle cases among His servants. It is only granted to our Prophet Muhammad (S). it is the most coveted station of praise that Allah promised him.
Allah said: “Soon will thy Lord raise thee to a Station of Praise and Glory.” 17:79
When people find the trials of the day of judgment too hard, the wait too long, the worry too much to bear and sweat too chocking, they sought Shafaa (intercession) that Allah may settle their cases. They would first go to Adam, then Noah then Abraham, then Moses then Jesus son of Mary. All of them would say: “I am more concerned with myself.” They would then go to our Prophet Muhammad (S). He will say: “I am the one to do it.”

The second: Shafa’ah to open the gates of Jannah. The first to enter the gates is our Prophet Muhammad (S). The first people to enter will be his people.

The third: Shafa’ah for people consigned to Hell, that they not be taken into it (Hell).

The Fourth: for those who enter Hell among the people who believed in the oneness of God that they get out of it. They would have been burned and turned to coal. They would be immersed in the river of life. They would then sprout back to life as a seed sprouts when immersed in water.

The fifth: Shafa’ah in raising the position of people in Jannah.

The last three types are not for put Prophet (S) only. However, he will be foremost in them. Thereafter will be the other prophets, the angels, the people nearest to Allah and the children who die young. Then Allah, in His mercy, will take out of Hell people without anyone interceding for them. Their number cannot be estimated except by Allah. They will also enter Jannah.

The sixth: Shafa’ah for some of the dwellers of Hell that their punishment be lessened. This type is only for our Prophet (S) for his uncle Abu Talib.

Sinners will continue to be thrown in Hell and it will say: Give me more. Till Allah puts His Foot in it, it will then crumble and say: Enough, enough by Your Glory. There will remain vacant places in Jannah for which Allah will create people to enter.


(136) Does anyone enter the Garden or escape the Fire by their deeds alone?
The prophet (S) said: “Do what you can of good deeds and be optimistic but know full well that none of you will enter Jannah by their deeds.” They asked: “not even you, o Messenger of Allah? he said: “Not even me unless Allah includes me in His Mercy and His Bounty. The most loved deeds to Allah are the ones you persevere with most, no matte how small.”


(137) How do we understand this Hadeeth and the Ayah ‘verse’ in which Allah said: “Behold! The Garden before you! Ye have been made its inheritors, for your deeds (of righteousness).” 7:43
There is no contradiction between them. The preposition ‘for’ in the Ayah shows that good deeds are reasons for entering Jannah, without such good deeds a person cannot enter Jannah. For everything has to have a cause. The preposition ‘by’ in the Hadeeth refers to price. That is the price of good deeds is not Jannah. Because if a servant lived a very long life worshipping Allah day and night, not committing any sin, the price of his deeds will not amount to 1% of the blessing that Allah bestows on him with overtly or covertly. How could it then be a price for his entry into Jannah!
Allah said: “O my Lord! Grant thou forgiveness and Mercy! For Thou are the Best of those who show mercy!” 23:118
(138) What evidence is there for the belief in Qadar ‘Fate’ in its entirety?
Allah said: “And the command of Allah is a decree determined.” 33:38
Allah said: “That Allah might accomplish a matter already decided.” 8:42
Allah said: “And Allah’s command must be fulfilled.” 33:37
Allah said: “No kind of Calamity can occur, except by the leave of Allah: And if any one believes in Allah, (Allah) guides his heart (aright).” 64:11
Allah said: “What ye suffered on the day the two armies met, was with the leave of Allah” 3:166
Allah said: “Those who say, when afflicted with calamity: “To Allah we belong, and to Him is our return.” - They are those on whom (descend) blessings from their Lord, and Mercy. And they are the ones that receive guidance.” 2:156,157
The prophet (S) said: “Know full well, then, that whatever has befallen you wouldn’t have missed you, and whatever has missed you wouldn’t have befallen you.”
The prophet (S) said: “If something befalls you, you should not say: Had I done such the result would have been different. Rather you should say: Allah has willed this and His Will comes to pass.
The prophet (S) said: “Everything is according to fate which is predetermined even disability or wisdom.”


(139) What are the ranks of belief in fate?
Belief in predestination has four levels.
The first level is the belief in Allah’s comprehensive knowledge of everything. Noting in heavens or earth escapes His knowledge. Allah knows all His creatures even before He had created them. He knows their provisions, the span of their lives, their words, their deeds and all their actions and inactions. He knows their hidden secrets as well as their unhidden things. He knows which of them will be among the dwellers of Jannah and which will be among the dwellers of Naar.
The second level is the belief that all these were written beforehand and that Allah has written all that His knowledge encompassed of what will happen. This includes the belief in the Pen and the Board (on which everything is written)
The third level is the belief in the will of Allah that is always fulfilled, His overwhelming power to fulfill His Will. These are ever present concerning what has come and what is to come. They have no connection concerning what has not happened and what will not happen. Whatever Allah wills will inevitably happen. Whatever He does not will, will inevitably not happen because Allah wills it not to happen not because He cannot make it happen.
Allah said: “Nor is Allah to be frustrated by anything whatever in the heavens or on earth: for He is All-Knowing All-Powerful.” 35:44
The fourth level is the belief that Allah is the Creator of everything. The belief that there is not an atom in heavens or earth, or in between them, except what is created by Him. He is the Creator of its movements and non-movement. Praise be to Him. No other creator except Him and no other Lord except Him.


(140) What evidence is there for the first rank, i.e. belief of knowledge?
Allah said: “Allah is He, than Whom there is no other god;- Who knows (all things) both secret and open.” 59:22
Allah said: “And that Allah comprehends all things in (His) Knowledge.” 65:12
Allah said: “Who knows the Unseen,- from Whom is not hidden the least little atom in the heavens or on earth: nor is there anything less than that, or greater.” 34:3
Allah said: “With Him are the keys of the Unseen, the treasures that none knows but He.” 6:59
Allah said: “Allah knows best where to Place His mission” 6:124
Allah said: “Verily it is thy Lord that knows best, which (among men) has strayed from His Path: and He knows best those who receive Guidance.” 68:7
Allah said: “Does not Allah know best those who are grateful?” 6:53
Allah said: “Does not Allah know best all that is in the hearts of all Creation!” 29:10
Allah said: “Behold, thy Lord said to the angels; “I will create a vicegerent on earth.” They said: “Wilt Thou place therein one who will make mischief therein and shed blood? – Whilst we do celebrate Thy Praises and Glorify Thy Holy (****)?” He said: “I know what ye know not.” 2:30
Allah said: “But it is possible that ye dislike a thing which is good for you, and that ye love a thing which is bad for you. But Allah knows and ye know not.” 2:216
When asked by a man: “Are those who go to Heaven and those who go to Hell are already known (to Allah)?” The prophet (S), said: “Yes, they are.” The man further asked: “Why should people work then?” The prophet (S) said: “Each will work according to what they had been created for and what has been facilitated for them.”
The prophet (S) was asked about the children of the associators (unbelievers) and he said: “Allah knows better what work they had done.”
The prophet (S) said: “Allah has created people for Jannah since they were seeds inside their fathers. He has created people for Hell since they were seeds inside their fathers.”
The prophet (S) said: “A person may do the work of those who enter Heaven –as appears to people- yet he is among the people of Hell. A person may do the work of those who enter Hell –as appears to people- yet he is among the people of Heaven.
The prophet (S) said: “There is not a soul among you except that Allah knows its station in Heaven or Hell.” They asked: “Why should we work (good deeds then? O Messenger of Allah. shouldn’t we better depend on that?” He said: “You should work (good deeds) for each is their work made smooth for them.” Then he read:
Allah said: “So he who gives (in charity) and fears (Allah), and (in all sincerity) testifies to the Best, - We will indeed make smooth for him the path to Ease. But he who is a greedy miser and thinks himself self-sufficient, and gives the lie to the Best, - We will indeed make smooth for him the path to misery.” 92:5-10

[زياد عبد الجليل]

(141) What evidence is there for the second rank, i.e. belief that fate is written down for everyone?
Allah said: “And of all things have We taken account. In a clear Book (of evidence).” 36:12
Allah said: “Indeed it is all in a record.” 22:70
In the argument between Moses and Pharaoh,
Allah said: “(Pharaoh) said: “What then is the condition of previous generations?” He replied: “The knowledge of that is with my Lord, duly recorded: my Lord never errs nor forgets.” 20:51,52
Allah said: “And no female conceives, or lays down (her load), but with His knowledge. Nor is a man long-lived granted length of days, nor is a part cut off from his life, but is in a Book (ordained). All this is easy to Allah.” 35:11
The prophet (S) said: “There is not a soul except Allah has written down its position either to Heaven or Hell. And it is either written as happy or miserable.”
Suraqa Bin Malik Bin Ja’sham: O Messenger of Allah Show us our religion as though we have just been created. What are our deeds of this day? Are they according to what has been written down in predestination and of which the pens are already dry or are they according to the (unknown) future? The prophet (S) said: “They area according to what has been written down in predestination and of which the pens are already dry.” Suraqa further asked: Why should we work (good) deeds then? The prophet (S), said: “To each their deeds will be made smooth for them.”

(142) What goes under this rank of Taqadir ‘ ‘?
There are five Taqadir that are included here all pertaining to knowledge.
The first Taqdir: is that all that has been written 50,000 years before the creation of Heavens and earth. When Allah created the Pen. This is the oldest Taqdir.
The second Taqdir: The one that occurred when Allah made a covenant with children of Adam, while they were still seeds. When He asked them as the following Ayah tells us:
Allah said: “Am I not your Lord (Who cherishes and sustains you)?” 7:172
The third Taqdir: When the human seed takes shape in the womb.
The fourth Taqdir: The annual Taqdir in Lailatul Qadr (the Night of Power).
The Fifth Taqdir: the daily Taqdir. Is the fulfillment of all the above in actual fact.


(143) What evidence is there for the eternal Taqdir‘ ‘?
Allah said: “No misfortune can happen on earth or in your souls but is recorded in a Book before We bring it into existence.” 57:22
The prophet (S) said: “Allah had written out the destination of all creatures 50,000 years before he created the heavens and the earth. He said: His throne was on water.”
The prophet (S) said: “The first that Allah created was the Pen. He commanded it to write. The pen said: O my Lord, what should I write. He said write the destinations of all things till the Hour comes to pass.”
The prophet (S) said: “O Abu Hurairah, the Pen is dry of what will come to pass.”

(144) What evidence is there for the age Taqdir ‘ ‘?
Allah said: “When thy Lord drew forth from the Children of Adam –from their loins- their descendants, and made them testify concerning themselves, (saying): Am I not your Lord (Who cherishes and sustains you)? They said: Yea! We do testify!” 7:172
A man asked: O Prophet of Allah, are deeds started just now or are they predestined? The prophet (S) said: “When Allah took out the seeds of Adam from his back, He made them bear witness on themselves. Then He put them in the Palms of His Hands and said: these will be for Jannah and those for Naar. The deeds of the people of Jannah will be made smooth for them. The deeds of the people of Naar will be made smooth for them.”
Umar Bin Al-Khattab was asked about the following Ayah and he said that he heard the Prophet (S) answering the same question and he said: “Allah Created Adam then He wiped his back with His Right Hand and took out his descendants and said: I have created these for Jannah. They will do the deeds of the people of Jannah. Then He wiped his back and took out more descendants and said: I created these for Naar and they will do the deeds of the people of Naar.”
Allah said: “When thy Lord drew forth from the Children of Adam –from their loins- their descendants, and made them testify concerning themselves, (saying): Am I not your Lord (Who cherishes and sustains you)? They said: Yea! We do testify! (This), lest you should say on the Day of Judgment: “Of this we were never mindful” 7:172
Abdul Allah Bin Amr (R.A) said: The prophet (S) come out with two books in his hand and said: “Do you realize what these two books are?” We said: No. Messenger of Allah. Unless you tell us. He said of the book in his right hand: “This is a book from the Lord of the two worlds. It has all the ****s of the people of Jannah and the ****s of their forefathers and their tribes. None will be added to them or taken out of them. And then he said concerning the book in his left hand: This is a book from the Lord of the two worlds. It has all the ****s of the people of Naar and the ****s of their forefathers and their tribes. None will be added to them or taken out of them.” The companions said: Why should people work (good deeds, then, O Messenger of Allah, if it is already predetermined? He said: “Do the best you can. The one destined for Jannah will seal his life with the deeds of the people of Jannah, no matter what he had done before that. The one destined for Naar will seal his life with the deeds of the people of Naar, no matter what he had done before that. Then the Messenger of Allah said: “You are already known to Allah. You are of two groups; a group in Jannah and a group in Hell fire.”


(145) What evidence is there for the age Taqdir ‘ ‘ occurring at the womb?
Allah said: “He knows you well when He brings you out of the earth, and when ye are hidden in your mothers’ wombs. Therefore hold not yourselves purified: He knows best who it is that guards against evil.” 53:32
The prophet (S) said: “Anyone of you remains 40 days in the womb oh his mother as a sperm drop. Then another 40 days as a clot of blood or a leech. Then another 40 days as a morsel of flesh. Then an angel comes to blow the soul into him and give him four commands; his provisions, his life span, his deeds, and whether he is to be sad or happy. By the One Who is the only God. Anyone of you will do the deeds of the people of Jannah till there is only one arms length between him and Jannah, but what is written in the book will overtake him and he will do the deeds of the people of Naar and he enters therein. Anyone of you will do the deeds of the people of Naar till there is only one arms length between him and Naar, but what is written in the book will overtake him and he will do the deeds of the people of Jannah and he enters therein.”

(146) What evidence is there for the annual Taqdir ‘ ‘ occurring at Lailatul-Qadr ‘The Night Of Power’?
Allah said: “In that (night) is made distinct every affair of wisdom, by command from Us.” 44:4,5
Ebn-Abbas (R.A) said: “In Lailatul-Qadr ‘The night of Power’ it will be written in the mother of the book what is to be during the year of deaths and births, provisions and rain, even those who will perform Hajj. It will be said such and such will perform Hajj.” The same is said by a number of other Sahaba.


(147) What evidence is there for the daily Taqdir ‘‘?
Allah said: “Every day in (new) Splendor does He (shine)!” 55:29
Ebn-Abbas (R.A) said: “Among what Allah created is the well kept board. It is created of a white pearl. Its sides are made of a red ruby. Its pen is made of light. Its writing is made of light. Allah looks into it everyday 360 looks or times. Every time He looks, He creates and provides, He gives life and causes death, He raises in status and lowers in status, and does what He wills. This is the explanation of the above Ayah.

All these Taqdirs ‘predestinations’ are details of the first Taqdir or the Eternal Taqdir, which Allah ordered the Pen to write it when He first created it. Thus was the interpretation of Ibn Umar and Ibn Abbas (R.A) of the following Ayah.
Allah said: “We were wont to put in record all that ye did.” 45:29
All these stems from the knowledge Allah which is one of His attributes.


(148) What does the primacy of fate mean in terms of the happiness or unhappiness of a person?
All the revealed books agree and the Prophetic traditions that the predestination does not mean prevention of good labours. It does not mean one should make it their lot without work. On the contrary, it means one should be extra careful in labouring in good deeds. Otherwise the Prophet (S) wouldn’t have mentioned to his companions the facts of predestination. Some of them said: Shouldn’t we then depend on the books detailing our predestination and leave working good deeds?
The prophet (S) said: “No, you shouldn’t. Each will have their way made smooth for them. Then he recited the following Ayah:
Allah said: “So he who gives (in charity) and fears (Allah), And (in all sincerity) testifies to the Best, - We will indeed make smooth for him the path to Ease.” 92:5-7
Allah made these destinies and made the causes that lead to them. Such destinies and causes Allah made in His wisdom. He made smooth to each of His creatures what He has created them for in this world and in the Hereafter. So each of these creatures is made ready for the tasks and roles they are to play out. If a person knew that consequences of his after life is connected to causes that lead to them, he or she would be even keener to carry them out. Such deep understanding was achieved by the companions who, upon hearing the Hadeeth of Qadar ‘destiny’ said: “It means I will have to work even harder than before (in doing good deed).
The prophet (S) said: “Be keen on what is good for you. Seek support from Allah and do not fail – in doing good deeds.”
When asked, medicine and protections against evil, could such things stop some of what Allah destined? The prophet (S) said: “Such are part of What Allah destined.”
That means that Allah destined good and evil and the causes that lead up to either of them.



(149) What evidence is there for the third rank, i.e. belief of the Will of Allah?
Allah said: “But ye will not except as Allah wills.” 76:30
Allah said: “Nor say of anything: “I shall be sure to do so and so tomorrow” – Except “if Allah so wills”.” 18:23,24
Allah said: “Whom Allah wills, He leaves to wander: Whom He wills, He places on the Way that is Straight.” 6:39
Allah said: “If Allah so willed, they could make you all one people.” 16:93
Allah said: “If Allah had so willed, they would not have fought each other.” 2:253
Allah said: “But if it had been Allah’s Will, He could certainly have exacted retribution from them (Himself).” 47:4
Allah said: “Doer (without let) of all that He intends.” 85:16
Allah said: “Verily, when He intends a thing, His command is, “Be,” and it is.” 36:82
Allah said: “For to anything which We have willed, We but say: “Be,” and it is.” 16:40
Allah said: “Those whom Allah wills to guide, -He opens their breast to Islam; Those whom He wills to leave straying, -He makes their breast close and constricted, as if they had to climb up to the skies.” 6:125
The prophet (S) said: “The hearts of all created men and women are like one heart between the fingers of Allah. He turns them which ever way He wills.”
The prophet (S) said: “_When they slept in the valley_ Allah has taken your souls when He so willed and sent them back to you when He so willed.”
The prophet (S) said: “Intercede –for people- and you will be rewarded. Allah will bring to pass of that which is uttered by His Messenger as He wills.”
The prophet (S) said: “Do not say ‘What Allah wills and what such and such person wills’ rather say: ‘What Allah Alone wills.’
The prophet (S) said: “Whomever Allah wills to prosper, He makes him learn more religion.”
The prophet (S) said: “When Allah wills to descend mercy on a people, He takes up its messenger before it. When Allah wills to descend wrath on a people, He punishes it when its messenger is still alive.”


(150) How do you answer to this: How does Allah wills and wants what He accepts not and likes not?
God’s Will in the texts are of two meanings; First a Will of destiny which is not parallel to love and acceptance. It includes faith and disbelief, obedience and rebellion, what is accepted, what is loved and what is hated. This will is one from which there is no escape.
Allah said: “Those whom Allah wills to guide, -He opens their breast to Islam; Those whom He wills to leave straying, -He makes their breast close and constricted, as if they had to climb up to the skies.” 6:125
Allah said: “Beware! If anyone’s trial is intended by Allah, thou hast no authority in the least for him against Allah. For such- it is not Allah’s will to purify their hearts.” 5:41
Second a Will of religion law concerned with what Allah accepts and loves. Upon this one Allah has made His commands and prohibitions.
Allah said: “Allah intends every facility for you; He does not want to put you to difficulties.” 2:185
Allah said: “Allah does wish to make clear to you and to guide you into the ways of those before you; and (He does wish to) turn to you (in Mercy): and Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.” 4:26
This Will cannot be followed except by those willed to follow it in the first meaning of the Will. Thus the obedient believer has two wills working for him, the Will of destiny and the Will of religious law. The Will of destiny is the only one working in the case of a rebellious disbeliever. Allah has called His servants to please Him and guided those He willed to do so i.e. please him.
Allah said: “But Allah does call to the Home of Peace. He does guide whom He pleases to the Way that is straight.” 10:25
Thus the call to please Allah is made general to everyone but the guidance to please Him is only given to the chosen ones.
Allah said: “Verily thy Lord knows best those who stray from His path, and He knows best those who receive guidance.” 53:30


(151) What evidence is there for the fourth rank in the belief in fate, i.e. the rank of creation?
Allah said: “Allah is the Creator of all things, and He is the Guardian and Disposer of all affairs.” 39:62
Allah said: “Is there a Creator, other than Allah, to give you sustenance from heaven or earth?” 35:3
Allah said: “Such is the Creation of Allah: Now show Me what is there that others besides Him have created!” 31:11
Allah said: “It is Allah who has created you: further, he has provided for your sustenance; then He will cause you to die; and again He will give you life. Are there any of your (false) ‘Partners’ who can do any single one of these things?” 30:40
Allah said: “But Allah has created you and your handiwork!” 37:96
Allah said: “By the Soul, and the proportion and order given to it; and its inspiration as to its wrong and its right!” 91:7,8
Allah said: “Whom Allah does guide, -He is on the right path- Whom He rejects from His guidance –Such are the persons who lose!” 7:178
Allah said: “But Allah has endeared the Faith to you and has made it beautiful in your hearts; and He has made hateful to you unbelief, wrongdoing and rebellion.” 49:7
Huzhaifah said: Allah creates every tradesperson and his trade.
The prophet (S) said: “Oh, my Lord! Give my soul its fear of You. Purify it. You are the Best One to purify it. Surely, You are its Ally and Protector.”


(152) What is the meaning of the Hadeeth: “All good is in Your Hands. Evil is not to You.” Bearing in mind that Allah is the creator of everything?
That means that what Allah does is always good. They are pure good because they are attributed to Him and they emanate from Him. It has no evil because He is a Just Judge. All His deeds are wise and just. He puts things where they belong. As they are know to Him. Whatever evil there is in the destiny is attributed to the creatures themselves such evil leads them to dire consequences as a result of what they earn, and justice is meted out to them.
Allah said: “Whatever misfortune happens to you, is because of the things your hands have wrought, and for many (a sin) He grants forgiveness. ” 42:30
Allah said: “Nowise shall We be unjust to them: but it is they who have been unjust themselves.” 43:76
Allah said: “Verily Allah will not deal unjustly with man in aught. It is man that wrongs his own soul.” 10:44


(153) Do the servants have power or will for the actions that they do?
Yes, they do. Servants have power to do what they want. They do have a will. Their deeds are attributed to them. For such they have been given the responsibility. For such they will be rewarded or punished. Allah has only placed upon them what is in their power to achieve. Allah has proved them to them in the Quran and through the Sunnah. However, they can only do what Allah gives them power to do and they can not will until Allah has willed. They can not carry out any deed unless He makes them doers of those deeds as detailed above in the verses concerning the Will and the creation. As they have not created themselves, they have not created their deeds. Their power, their will and their deeds are subservient to His Power, His Will and His Deeds. He is their Creator as well as the Creator of their power, their will and their deeds. Their power, their will and their deeds are not necessarily the same as His Power, His Will and His Deeds, as they are not the same as Him. Their deeds - created by Allah - are done by them, are suited to them and are attributed to them in reality. Such deeds emanate from the deeds of Allah done by Him, suited to Him, attributed to Him in reality. Allah is a initiates deeds in real fact and the servant is caused to do the deeds in real fact. Allah guides in real fact and the servant is guided in real fact. For such, each of the two verbs are attributed to the one who does them. Allah guides and the servant is guided.
Allah said: “It is he whom Allah guides, that is on true guidance.” 17:97
Thus guiding is attributed to Allah in real fact and receiving guidance is attributed to the servant in real fact. As guide is not the same as the guided, guidance is not the same as following guidance. Thus Allah misguides those who prefer misguidance in real fact. Such servant will be misguided in real fact. Such are all Allah deeds with His servants. Those who attribute both the initiation of deeds as well as following the deeds to the servant are disbelievers. Those who attribute both the initiation of deeds as well as following the deeds to Allah are disbelievers. Those who attribute the initiation of deeds to the Creator and following the deeds to the servant are the real believers.


(154) How do you answer to this: “Is it not possible in Allah’s infinite power to make all His servants believers, guided, obedient, especially that He likes that of them?
Of course it is possible for Him.
Allah said: “If Allah had so willed, He would have made you a single people.” 5:48
Allah said: “If it had been thy Lord’s will, they would all have believed – all who are on earth!” 10:99
However, what He has done to them is according to His Wisdom and the prerogative of His being Lord and God as well as the prerogative of His ****s and attributes. If one asked: why should there be among His servants those who obey and those who disobey? It is like those who ask: Why is it that among His ****s are The One Who harms and The One Who gives benefit, The One Who gives and the One Who denies (giving), The One Who raises in rank and the One Who lowers in rank, the One Who blesses and the One Who avenges and so on. His Actions are the consequences of His ****s and attributes. Objections raised against His actions are abjections against His ****s and attributes, more deadly still, they area objections against Him as Lord and God.
Allah said: “But Glory to Allah, the Lord of the Throne: (High is He) above what they attribute to Him! He can not be questioned for His acts, but they will be questioned (for theirs).” 21:22-23

[زياد عبد الجليل]

(155) What is the rank of belief in fate in relation to religion?
Belief in destiny is the system of belief in One God. likewise belief in the causes that lead to good and avoid harm is the system of Islamic Law. The system of religion cannot settle and be straight except for one who believes in destiny and follows Islamic Law.
The Prophet (S) confirmed the belief in Qadar ‘Destiny’. Then he said to someone who asked him: Shouldn’t we then give up work depending on our Qadar ‘predestination’? He said: “Work. Each has their way made smooth for them.”

Whoever denies Qadar, claiming it is opposed to Islamic Law, has denied that Allah has knowledge and power, and has made the creature independent in his actions and thus able to create it. Then he has made other creators besides Allah or he has made all creatures creators. And he who confirms Qadar and saying it is unjust claiming it does not give the servant any power to choose according to which he will be judged, claiming that Allah has put a burden on His slaves greater than they can bear. Claiming that such a burden was like asking a blind person to revise a dictionary. Such claims are tantamount to accusing Allah of injustice. The first to make such an accusation was Iblis as is mentioned in the following ayah.
Allah said: “Iblis said: “Because Thou hast thrown me out (of the Way), lo! I will lie in wait for them on Thy Straight Way.” 7:16
Real believers, on the other hand, believe in Qadar ‘predestination’ good or bad, because Allah is the Creator of it all. They follow Islamic Law in its commands to do or not to do. They take its judgment on them in private and in public. They believe that guidance and misguidance are both in the hand of Allah. He guides whomever He likes with His bounty, and misguides whomever He likes according to His Justice. He knows best where to place His Bounty and where to place His Justice.
Allah said: “Verily thy Lord knows best those who stray from His path, and He knows best those who receive guidance.” 53:30
They know that such is the high wisdom of Allah and the absolute proof. They know that reward and punishment is based on following or not following Islamic Law and is not based on Qadar. They only give each other patience during afflictions by remembering Qadar. If they did get guided to good things they knew whom to thank as mentioned I the following ayah.
Allah said: “And they shall say: “Praise be to Allah who has guided us to this (felicity?): never could we have found guidance, had it not been for the guidance of Allah.” 7:43
The believer would not say as Qarun said as mentioned in the following ayah.
Allah said: “He (Qarun) said: “This has been given to me because of a certain knowledge which I have.” 28:78
If the believers committed an evil act, they said as our two parents ‘Adam and Eve’ said: as mentioned in the following ayah.
Allah said: “The (two) said: “Our Lord we have wronged our own souls: If thou forgive us not and bestow not upon us Thy Mercy, we shall certainly be lost.” 7:23
They would not say what the evil Satan said as mentioned in the following ayah.
Allah said: “Iblis said: “O my Lord! Because Thou hast put me in the wrong,--” 15:39
If they are faced with affliction, they said what is mentioned of them in the following ayah.
Allah said: “Those who say, when afflicted with calamity: “To Allah we belong, and to Him is our return.” 2:156
They would not say what the disbelievers say as mentioned of them in the following ayah.
Allah said: “O ye who believe! Be not like the Unbelievers, who say of their brethren, when they are traveling through the earth or engaged in fighting: If they had stayed with us they would not have died, or been slain.” This that Allah may make it a cause of sighs and regrets in their hearts. It is Allah that gives Life and Death, and Allah sees well all that ye do.” 3:156


(156) How many are the degrees of Iman ‘faith’?
Allah said: “It is not righteousness that ye turn your faces towards East or West; But it is righteousness – to believe in Allah and the Last Day, and the Angels, and the Book, and the Messengers; to spend of your substance, out of love for Him, for your kin, for orphans, for the needy, for the wayfarer, for those who ask, and for the ransom of slaves; t be steadfast in prayer, and give Zakat, to fulfill the contracts which ye have made; and to be firm and patient, in pain (or suffering) and adversity, and throughout all periods of panic. Such are the people of truth, and the God-fearing.” 2:177
The prophet (S) said: “Iman ‘faith’ has more than sixty –in another version of the Hadeeth more than seventy- degrees. The highest is saying la Ilaha Ila Allah ‘ There is no other God but Allah; and the lowest degree is removing harm from the road. Bashfulness is a degree of faith.

(157) How have scholars explain these ranks?
Knowing its ranks is not a condition of faith. It is enough to believe in it wholesale. It does not come out of the Quran and the Sunnah. A servant should follow its commands and avoid its prohibitions, should believe its news. Thus he would have completed the ranks of faith. What the scholars have enumerated is all truly a matter of faith. However, assurance that it is what the Prophet (S) meant by above Hadeeth, needs investigation.

(158) Give a summary of what they enumerated?
Al-Hafedh summarized what Ibn Habban mentioned saying: Such ranks are of three branches; deeds of the heart, deeds of the tongue and deeds of the ****.

Deeds of the heart are beliefs and intentions of twenty-four types. Belief in Allah includes belief in His being, His attributes and His oneness as mentioned in the following ayah.
Allah said: “There is nothing whatever like unto Him, and he is the One that hears and sees.” 42:11
Belief in events that happen besides it , belief in His angels His books and His messengers, belief in Qadar good or bad, belief in the Last Day which includes the questioning in the grave, resurrection and judgment and the scales the Sirat ‘bridge passing over Hell’, Jannah and Naar, love for Allah, loving and hating others for the sake of Allah, love for the Prophet (S), belief in the necessity for glorifying him, this includes praying for him (S), following his tradition, devotion and faithfulness which include leaving double facedness and hypocrisy, Taubah ‘repentance’, fear, hope, gratitude, loyalty, patience, accepting Qadar, dependence on Allah and mercy, Modesty which includes respect for the elders and mercy on the younger and leaving arrogance and self liking and leaving envy, hatred and anger.

Deeds of the tongue. These include seven branches. Pronouncing the Shahadas, reading the Quran, learning and teaching Shariah knowledge, prayer and remembrance which includes asking for forgiveness, and avoiding vain and useless talk.

Deeds of the **** include 38 branches. They are of three main types. One is concerned with one’s relation with himself and is of 15 branches. These include purity of **** and thoughts, feeding the poor, generosity to the guest, fasting Ramadhan and other days, I’tikaaf ‘retreat in the mosques’, seeking the night of Qadr ‘Power’, performing Hajj and Umrah, circling the Ka’bah and so on. Running away to protect one’s deen ‘faith’. This includes immigrating from the town which associates others with Allah, fulfilling one’s promise, investigating faith, fulfilling Kafarat ‘what one does to atone for a committed wrong act’ . The second is concerned with one’s relation with his dependants and is of 6 branches, including seeking marriage, providing for the children, being good to one’s parents and avoiding to disobey them, raising the children and visiting one’s kin, obeying superiors and being gentle with subordinates. The third is concerned with one’s relation with people in general and is of 17 branches. Taking leadership with justice and following the group, obedience to the governor, reconciling peoples which include fighting the wrongdoers, assisting in good deeds, enjoining good and prohibiting evil, performing Hudud ‘Islamic Capital Punishment’, fighting for the sake of Allah and protecting the borders of the Muslim state, keeping the trust including the five prayers, repayment of a debt and generosity to the neighbor, dealing well with people which include collecting money in a Halal ‘lawful’ way and spending it justly, avoiding extravagance and over spending, answering one greets and one who sneezes, stopping harm that may affect people, avoiding Lahw ‘idle gossip’ and removing harm from the road. These are 69 branch. They can be counted 77 if some of the subtitles are treated as titles. Allah knows best.


(159) What evidence is there for the Ihsan ‘ ‘ in the Quran and the Sunnah?
There is much evidence concerning this. Among them:
Allah said: “But do good; for Allah loves those who do good.” 2:195
Allah said: “For Allah is with those who restrain themselves, and those who do good.” 16:128
Allah said: “Whoever submits his whole self to Allah, and is a doer of good, has grasped indeed the firmest hand-hold.” 31:22
Allah said: “To those who do right is a goodly (reward)- Yea, more (than in measure) (the bless of seeing His face)” 10:26
Allah said: “Is there any reward for good – other than good?” 55:60
The prophet (S) said: “Allah likes Ihsan ‘doing things well’ in everything.”
The prophet (S) said: “It is best for a slave that he dies when he worships Allah well and gives advice to his master.”


(160) What is Ihsan ‘ ‘ in worship?
The prophet (S) explained it in the Hadeeth of Jibreel’s Question when he told him: ”tell me what Ihsan is” the Prophet (S) said: “It is that you should worship Allah as though you can see Him. And if you cannot see Him, He can surely see you.”
The Prophet (S) has thus explained that Ihsan has two different levels. The higher is worshiping Allah as though you can see Him, which is the level of watching, that is that the servant should act as he sees Allah in his heart and that the heart should be filled with the light of faith, and the inner eye should be filled with the sight of gratitude till the unseen is as clear as the seen. This is the real level of Ihsan. The second is the level of being watched. It is that a servant should act putting in mind that Allah is watching him and is near him. If a servant can bring such feeling to his deeds, and act accordingly, he will be faithfully devoted to Allah. Bringing such thoughts into deeds will prohibit him from looking to another besides Allah in his deeds. The people in both of the above levels are different second to the power of the inner sight.

(161) What is the opposite of Iman ‘Faith’?
The opposite of Iman ‘faith’ is Kufur ‘disbelief’. It is further subdivided as faith is also subdivided. You have learnt from the above that the origin of faith is belief and obedience. The origin of Kufur is denial and disobedience. All forms of obedience are branches of Iman. All sins and disobedience are branches of Kufur. If you come to understand this you will know that Kufr is of two major types. Grosser Kufur which takes a person out of the fold of Iman totally. Such is the Kufur of belief which is the work of the heart and its seeds or one of them. The second is the Lesser Kufur that negates the perfection of faith but does not disqualify it as a whole. Such is the actions of Kufur that does not contradict the words of the heart or the deeds of the heart and does not need to.

(162) Clarify how doctrinal disbelief totally negates faith, giving details of how such disbelief can be removed!
We explained that faith is by word and deed; The utterance of the heart and the tongue and the deeds of the heart, the tongue and the rest of the ****. The word of the heart is to believe. The word of the tongue is to utter the words of Islam. The deeds of the heart are the intention and the devotion. The deeds of the rest of the **** are to obey all commands. The word and deed of the heart, the word of the tongue and the deeds of the rest of the ****, if all these four are missing, Iman ‘faith’ is totally missing. If the belief in the heart is missing, the rest is useless. Belief in the heart is a condition for the rest to be useful. Such is the case of one who disbelieves in the ****s and Attributes of Allah, or in anything Allah sent with His Messengers or mentioned in His books. If the deeds of the heart are missing while the belief is there, the people of Sunnah are unanimous that faith is missing in such case. That belief alone is not enough without deeds of the heart. Such deeds are the love and obedience to Allah. Such was the case of Iblis and Pharaoh and their people and the Jews and the associators who believed that the Messengers were truthful and confirmed such belief in private as well as in public. They used to say: “He is not a liar. But we shall not follow him neither shall we believe in him.”

(163) How many types of grosser Kufr, that makes a person a non-Muslim?
We have mentioned above that it is of four types:
Kufur Jahal ‘the disbelief of ignorance and belying’, Kufur Juhud ‘the disbelief of ‘Denial‘?’, Kufr Inad and Istikbar,’ the disbelief of ‘obstinacy’ and ‘arrogance’’ and Kufur Nifaq ‘the disbelief of Nifaq ‘hypocrisy’’

(164) What is the disbelief of ignorance and belying?
It is the disbelief which is total inwardly and outwardly. Such was the Kufur of most Quraish and the nations the preceded them. Allah said concerning them the following ayahs.
Allah said: “Those who reject the Book and the (revelations) with which We sent Our messengers: but soon shall they know.” 40:70
Allah said: “But turn away from the ignorant.” 7:199
Allah said: “The Day We shall gather together from every people a troop of those who reject Our Signs, and they shall be kept in ranks, - until when they come (before the Judgment-seat), (Allah) will say: “Did ye reject My Signs, though ye comprehended them not in knowledge, or what was it ye did?” 27:83,84
Allah said: “Nay, they charge with falsehood that whose knowledge they cannot compass, even before the interpretation thereof has reached them.” 10:39


(165) What is the disbelief of Juhud ‘Denial‘?
It is what comes by not revealing the truth, and refusing to follow it in outward appearance while knowing it inwardly. Such was the Kufur of the Pharaoh and his people of What Prophet Moses brought. And the disbelief of Jews in Prophet Mohammad (S). Allah said the following ayah concerning the pharaoh and his people as they disbelieved.
Allah said: “And they denied them, though their souls acknowledged them wrongfully and out of pride.” 27:14
Allah said the following Ayas concerning the Jews.
Allah said: “When there comes to them that which they (should) have recognized, they refused to believe in it” 2:89
Allah said: “But some of them conceal the truth which they themselves know.” 2:146


(166) What is the disbelief of Enad ‘obstinacy’ and Istikbar ‘arrogance’?
It is the Kufur that comes after knowing what the right way is and testifying to it. Such was the Kufur of Iblis ‘Satan’ concerning whom Allah said in the following ayah.
Allah said: “Not so: he refused and was naughty: he was of those who rejected Faith.” 2:34
Satan could not reject the command of Allah to prostrate or deny it. However, he objected to it and questioned the command and questioned Allah’s justice. He said What Allah tells us in the following Ayahs.
Allah said: “Iblis said: “Shall I prostrate to one whom Thou didst create from clay?” 17:61
Allah said: “Iblis said: “I am not one to prostrate myself to man, who Thou didst create from sounding clay, from mud moulded into shape.” 15:33
Allah said: “Iblis said: “I am better than he. Thou didst create me from fire, and him from clay.” 7:12


(167) What is the disbelief of Nifaq ‘hypocrisy’?
It is when the heart does not believe and act with the outward obedience to the law for the benefit of people. Such as the Kufur of Ibn Salul and his party. Ibn Salul was the head of the hypocrites at the time of the prophet (S). When he died in the ninth year after Hijra, his son Abdullah came to the prophet (S) and asked him to give his father one of his garment to shroud him with. The prophet (S) give him one of his garment, and prayed for him. Umar (R.A) didn’t like that. The prophet (S) said to him: “I have one of two choices.” Allah revealed: “Nor do thou ever pray for any of them that dies, nor stand at his grave.” And those Allah said concerning them:
Allah said: “Of the people there are some who say: “We believe in Allah and the Last Day: “But the do not (really) believe. Fain would they deceive Allah and those who believe, but that they only deceive themselves, and realize (it) not! In their hearts is a disease: and Allah has increased their disease: and grievous is the chastisement they (incur), because they lied (to themselves). When it is said to them: “Make not mischief on the earth.” They say: “We are only ones that put things right.” Of a surety, they are the ones who make mischief, but they realize (it) not. When it is said to them: “Believe as the others believe!” They say: “Shall we believe as the fools believe?” – Nay, of a surety they are the fools, but they do not know. When they meet those who believe, they say: “We believe.” But when they area alone with their evil ones, they say: “We are really with you. We (were) only jesting.” Allah will throw back their mockery on them, and give them rope in their trespasses; so they will wander like blind ones (to and fro). This are they who have bartered Guidance for error: but their traffic is profitless, and they have lost true direction, their similitude is that of a man who kindled a fire; when it lighted all around him, Allah took away their light and left them in utter darkness. So they could not see. Deaf, dumb, and bind, they will not return (to the path). Or (another similitude) is that of a rain-laden cloud form the sky: in it are zones of darkness, and thunder and lightening: they press their fingers in their ears to keep out the stunning thunderclap, the while they are in terror of death. But Allah is ever round the rejecters of Faith! The lightening all but snatches away their sight: Every time the light (helps) them, they walk therein, and when the darkness grows on them, they stand still, and if Allah willed, He could take away their faculty of hearing and seeing; for Allah has power over all things.” 2:8-20

(168) What is the disbelief of action (the lesser disbelief) that does not invalidate one being a Muslim?
It is any kind of sin the lawmaker calls Kufur, while the one who commits it retains his or her status as a believer.
The prophet (S) said: “When I am gone, do not turn Kafir fighting one another.”
The prophet (S) said: “Abusing a Muslim is Fusuk and killing one is Kufur.”
Thus, the Prophet (S) called the Muslims who fight one another Kufur and the one who does such a Kafir though Allah calls them as believers.
Allah said: “If two parties among the believers fall into a fight, make ye peace between them: but if one of them transgresses beyond bounds against the other, then fight ye (all) against the one that transgresses until it complies with the command of Allah; but if it complies, then make peace between them with justice, and be fair: for Allah loves those who are fair and (just). The believers are but a single brotherhood: so make peace and reconciliation between your two (contending) brothers; and fear Allah, that ye may receive Mercy.” 49:9,10
Thus Allah confirms that they are faithful and that they are brothers in faith.
Allah said: “But if any remission is made by the brother of the slain, then grant any reasonable demand, and compensate him with handsome gratitude.” 2:178
Thus Allah confirms that they are brothers in Islam and didn’t deny them that.
The prophet (S) said: “An adulterer does not commit adultery while a believer, he does not steal while a believer, he does not drink alcohol while a believer. Repentance is open yet. In another version “ and a killer does not kill while a believer.”
Abu Dharr narrates that the Prophet (S) said: “Any servant who says La Ilaha Illa Allah ‘There is no god but Allah’ and dies confirming that, will enter Jannah.” I asked: “Even if he commits adultery and steals?” He (S) said: “Even if he commits adultery and steals.” I repeated the question and he repeated the same answer three times and on the fourth time added: “against the wishes of Abu Dharr.”
Thus a the adulterer, the thief, the wine drinker, and the killer are not denied absolute faith if they do believe in the oneness of Allah. he refers to them as having incomplete faith. A servant becomes Kafir in committing these sins if he or she thinks they are lawful which means he or she disbelieves in the book and the Messenger. He or she is a Kafir in such beliefs even though they may not commit them. Allah knows best.


(169) Prostrating to a Sanam ‘an idol’ disrespecting the Holy Quran, abusing the Prophet, mocking religion and such acts of Kufr are Kufr by deed (as they seem) yet they take a person who does them out of Islam. You, however, described Kufr by deed as the lesser Kufr. How can that be combatable?
These four and such like are only like Kufur by deed in as much as they are actually done by outwardly as appears to people. However, they can only be done when the work of the heart is gone such as intention, devotion, love and obedience with nothing of these left. Therefore, it may outwardly seem Kufur of deeds but it necessarily means Kufur of belief or doctrinal Kufur. Such acts can only be done by a hypocrite, or an obstinate person. Were the hypocrites attacked in the battle of Tabuk except because:
Allah said: “But indeed they uttered blasphemy, and they uttered it after accepting Islam: and they meditated a plot which they were unable to carry out.” 9:74
Even though, when they asked why they uttered that they answered:
Allah said: “We were only talking idly and in play. --” 9:65
Allah said: “Say: “Was it at Allah, and His Signs, and His Messenger, that ye are mocking? Make no excuses: Ye have rejected Faith after ye had accepted it.” 9:65,66
We did not define the lesser Kufur as the Kufur of deeds per se, but that which is purely an act that is not changing beliefs and does not contradict the word and deeds of the heart.

[زياد عبد الجليل]

(170) How are Dhulum ‘Injustice ‘, Fusuq ‘impiety‘ and Nifaq ‘hypocrisy’ subdivided?
Each of the above is divided into two types; grosser which is Kufur ‘Disbelief’ and lesser which is less than Kufur.

(171) Give examples to both the grosser and the lesser Dhulum ‘Injustice‘!
The example of the grosser Dhulum is what Allah mentioned in the following ayahs.
Allah said: “Nor call any, other than Allah, such that can neither profit thee nor hurt thee. If thou dost, behold! Thou shalt certainly be of those who do wrong.” 10:106
Allah said: “For false worship is indeed the highest wrong-doing” 31:13
Allah said: “Whoever joins other gods with Allah, -Allah will forbid him the Garden, and the Fire will be his abode. There will For the wrong-doers be no one to help. ” 5:72
The example of the lesser Dhulum is what Allah mentioned in the following ayahs, concerning devorce.

Allah said: “And fear Allah your Lord: and turn them not out of their houses, nor shall they (themselves) leave, except in case they are guilty of some open lewdness, those are limits set by Allah: and any who transgress the limits of Allah, does verily wrong his (own) soul. ” 65:1
Allah said: “But do not take them (the women) back to injure them, (or) to take undue advantage; if anyone does that, he wrongs his own soul.” 2:231


(172) Give examples to both the grosser and the lesser Fusuq ‘Wickedness, perverseness, rebelliousness, sinner‘!
The example of the grosser Fusuq is what Allah mentioned in the following ayah.
Allah said: “Verily the Hypocrites are rebellious and perverse.” 9:67
Allah said: “Except Iblis. He was one of the Jinns, and he broke the command of his Lord.” 18:50
Allah said: “We saved him from the town which practiced abominations: truly they were a people given to Evil, a rebellious people.” 21:74
The example of the lesser Fusuq is what Allah said of libel mongers.
Allah said: “And reject their evidence ever after: for such men are wicked transgressors.” 24:4
Allah said: “O ye who believe! If a sinner comes to you with any news, ascertain the truth, lest ye harm people unwittingly, and afterwards become full of repentance for what ye have done. ” 49:6
The above ayah is said to have been revealed concerning Al-Walid Bin Uqbah who lied to the prophet (S).


(173) Give examples to both the grosser and the lesser Nifaq ‘hypocrisy ‘!
The example of the grosser Nifaq is mentioned above in the first ayas of Surat Al-Baqarah and also the following 3 Ayas
Allah said: “The Hypocrites- they seek to deceive Allah but it is Allah who deceives them.” 4:142
Allah said: “The Hypocrites will be in the lowest depths of the Fire: no helper wilt thou find for them.” 4:145
Allah said: “When the Hypocrites come to thee, they say, “We bear witness that thou art indeed the Messenger of Allah.” Yea, Allah knows that thou art indeed His Messenger. And Allah bears witness that the Hypocrites are indeed liars.” 63:1
The example of the lesser Nifaq is what the Prophet mentioned.
The prophet (S) said: “There are three things that denote a Munafiq ‘Hypocrite’: If he talks, he will tell lies. If he promises, he won’t keep his promise. And if he is put in a position of trust, he will betray the trust.
The prophet (S) said: “There are four things which if they are together in a person, he will be a Munafiq on the day of Judgment;” till the end of the Hadeeth


(174) What is the Hukm ‘verdict’ of sorcery and the sorcerers?
We know that magic exists. We know its effects which coincide with the destiny God wrote out for the universe.
Allah said: “They learned from them the means to sow discord between man and wife. But they could not thus harm anyone except by Allah’s permission.” 2:102
The effects of magic are documented in the Hadiths Sahih ‘right traditions’. As for the magician, however, if his magic is of the kind received from devils, as mentioned in the following Ayah, he is a Kafir ‘non-believer’.
Allah said: “But neither of these taught anyone (such things) without saying: ‘We are only for trial; so do not blaspheme.’ They learned from them the means to sow discord between man and wife. But they could not thus harm anyone except by Allah’s permission. And they learned what harmed them, not what profited them. And they knew that the buyers of (magic) would have no share in the happiness of the Hereafter.” 2:102


(175) What is the Islamic Sharia Punishment for a magician?
The prophet (S) said: “The Punishment for a magician is to kill him by the sword.”
Imam Malik and Imam Shafee said: “A magician is to be killed if his magic involves Kufur. If his acts do not involve Kufur, he is not to be killed.
Many narrators confirm the killing of a magician among them; Umar Bin A-lkhattab, his son Abdullah, his daughter Hafsah, Uthman Bin Affan, Jandab bin Abdullah, Jandab bin Ka’ab, Kais bin Sa’ad, Umar bin Abdul-Aziz, Ahmad, Abu Hanifa and others. May Allah have mercy on them all.


(176) What is Nushrah ‘unraveling of sorcery’ and how is it considered?
Nushrah means the act of unraveling magic done against someone. If it is done through another act of magic, it is a deed of the devil. If it is done through Ruqiyah and lawful Ta’aweedh, it is permissible.


(177) What is the acceptable Ruqyah ‘protection of a person who has magic done against him or her’?
Lawful Ruqiyah must be taken from the Quran or/and the Sunnah. It must be uttered in Arabic. Both the one making and the one receiving it must believe that it will only take effect with Allah’s permission. Jibreel made Ruqiyah for the Prophet (S). The Prophet (S) made Ruqiyah for many of his companions. He (S) allowed and even ordered them to do it. He (S) allowed them to get paid for it.


(178) What are the unacceptable Ruqyahs?
Unlawful Ruqiyah is not taken from the Quran or the Sunnah. It is not uttered in Arabic. It is the work of the devil. It is made to please the devil. Such is made by the imposters and ignorant people. It is also done by those who read old books of magic introduced by the enemies of Islam. They have nothing whatsoever to do with Islam.


(179) What is the verdict for things people carry on their bodies or keep in their homes like icons, hairs, threads and the like worn for the purpose of protecting the bearer from magic?
The prophet (S) said: “Whoever hangs anything (on his **** to protect himself from evil), will be left to it.”
In some of his travels, the prophet (S) ordered all such things to be removed. He (S) said: “Ruqiyah and Tamimah ‘amulet’, are acts of Shirk ‘Associating gods with Allah’
The prophet (S) said: “Whoever hangs a Tamimah ‘amulet’ May Allah not grant him completeness, and whoever hangs a sea ***** may Allah not grant him success.” In another version: “Whoever hangs a Tamimah ‘amulet’ has committed an act of associating others with Allah.”
The prophet (S) –speaking to one had a yellow bracelet round his wrist- said: “What is that for?” The man said: “to ward off weakness.” The Prophet said: “Remove it! It can only make you weaker. If you die wearing it, you will never prosper.”
Hudhaifah cut a string off the wrist of someone and recited:
Allah said: “And most of them believe not in Allah without associating (others as partners) with Him!” 12:106
Sa’eed bin Jubair (R) said: “He who cuts off a Tamimah ‘amulet’ ‘amulet’ from someone, is equal to one who has freed a slave.”


(180) What is the verdict for what is carried or hung if it were from the Quran?
Some narrates it to be permissible. Most of the, however, prohibit it. Among the prohibitors are Abdullah bin ‘Uqaim, Abdullah bin Amr and Abdullah bin Mas’uud as well as others (R). Prohibition is more acceptable because the prohibition to hang anything is more general. And because there is nothing mentioned that allows it. To protect the Quran from demeaning. The person carrying it may not be spiritually pure. And not to make it a step to hang other things. And to stop people believing in other things having the power besides Allah thus turning the hearts away from Him, especially at this time.

(181) What is the verdict of Kahins ‘friends of the devils’?
Kahins are evil powers. They are allies of the devil. Devils inspire to them as Allah tells us in the following Ayah.
Allah said: “But the satans ever inspire their friends.” 6:121
They descend to them and throw to them what they hear (in the sky) adding a hundred lies to each word they hear as Allah tells us in the following ayah:
Allah said: “Shall I inform you, (O people!), on whom it is that the satans descend? They descend on every lying, wicked person, they listen eagerly and most of them are liars.” 26:221-223
The prophet (S) said: “ A listening (devil) would hear it. Those listening devils stand in tiers one above the other. Each would throw the word to the one under him till it is thrown onto the tongue of a Kahin. An arrow of fire may burn the devil before he throws the word heard, or he may throw it before the arrow reaches him. In the latter case he will add a hundred lies to it.”
OF the same genre is divining by sand, sea*****s, stones and the like.


(182) What is the verdict of one who believes a Kahin?
Allah said: “Say: None is in the heavens or on earth, except Allah, knows what is hidden.“ 27:65
Allah said: “With Him are the keys of the unseen, the treasures that none knows but He.” 6:59
Allah said: “Or that the Unseen is in their hands, so that they can write it down?” 68:47
Allah said: “What! Had he knowledge of the Unseen so that he can see?” 53:35
Allah said: “But Allah knows, and ye know not.” 2:216
The prophet (S) said: “Whoever comes to a diviner and believes what he says has disbelieved in what was revealed to Muhammad (S).”
The prophet (S) said: “Whoever comes to a diviner and asks him something and then believes his answer, will have his prayers rejected for forty days.”


(183) What is the verdict for tanjim or divination by stars ‘astrology’?
Allah said: “It is He Who makes the stars (as beacons) for you, that ye may guide yourselves, with their help, through the dark spaces of land and sea. ” 6:97
Allah said: “And We have, (from of old), adorned the lowest heaven with Lamps, and We have made such (Lamps) (as) missiles to drive away satans.” 67:5
Allah said: “And the stars are in subjection by His Command.” 16:12
The prophet (S) said: “He who takes a handful of stars (astrology) has taken a handful of magic. It grows larger the more he adds to it.”
The prophet (S) said: “I fear three things for my Ummah ‘People’; believing in stars, disbelieving in destiny and injustice of the religious leaders.”
Bin Abbas (R) said concerning people who divine using the alphabet and the stars: “I do not see for those who do such an excuse before Allah.”
Qatadah said: “Allah created the stars for three reasons; to decorate the sky, as fire arrows against listening devils and as guiding signs for travelers. Whoever uses them for anything else has mistaken his way, wasted his wages and burdened himself with that of which he has no knowledge.”


(184) What is the verdict of attributing rains to Anwa’a?
Allah said: “And have ye made it your livelihood that ye should declare it false?” 56:82
The prophet (S) said: “There are four bad habits that date to Pre-Islamic time that will not be left; taking pride in tribe, casting doubt in linage, believing that rain comes because of the stars and hiring women to cry over the dead.”
The prophet (S) said: “Allah said: “there are believers and disbelievers amongst My servants. Those who say: “We have got rain by the mercy of Allah” are believers. Those who say: “We have got rain by such and such star” are disbelievers in Me, believers in stars.”


(185) What is the verdict of Tairah ‘evil omen’ and how is it removed?
Allah said: “Behold! In truth the omens of evil are theirs in Allah’s sight” 7:131
The prophet (S) said: “There is no such thing as ‘Adwah, Tairah, Hamah or Safar.”
The prophet (S) said: “Tairah ‘evil omen’ is Shirk ‘an act of associating with Allah’”
Bin Mas’uud said: “Every one of us would take evil omens but Allah removes them by us depending on him (and not heeding such omens).
The prophet (S) said: “Prohibited Tairah is the one that would affect your decisions to go or to stop.”
The prophet (S) said: “Whoever stops doing his work because of Tairah has committed shirk.” They said: “What is the Kafarah of such?” He (S) said: “By saying: “O my Lord! There is no good save what come from you. And there is no bird except your birds. There is no God but You.” –Arabs used to take bad omens from seeing certain birds-
The prophet (S) said: “The best of it is taking Good omen and it never turns a believer back (of what he was supposed to do- If one of you sees what he dislikes, let him say: “O my Lord! Only You are the One Who brings good things. Only You are the One Who wards of bad things. There is no power or strength except through You.“

[زياد عبد الجليل]

(186) What is the verdict of the evil eye?
The prophet (S) said: “It is true that there is such a thing as the evil look.”
The prophet (S) saw a slave girl with a discolored part of her face and said: “Give her Ruqiyah, she has been given an evil look.”
Lady ‘Aishah (R) said: “The Prophet ordered that Ruqiyahs should be used to ward off evil looks.”

The prophet (S) said: “Ruqiyah should only be used against an evil eye or a fever.”
There are many Hadeeth concerning this. It will have no effect except by Allah’s leave. It also explains the evil look in the eyes mentioned in the following Ayah:
Allah said: “And the Unbelievers would almost trip thee up with their eyes when they hear the Message.” 68:51


(187) What are sins divided into?
Sins are divided into two types; Sagha-ir ‘lesser sins’ and Kaba-ir or Mubiqat ‘Major or grave sins’

(188) How are evil acts remitted?
Allah said: “If ye (but) eschew the most heinous of the sins which ye are forbidden to do, We shall remit your evil deeds, and admit you to a Gate of great honor.” 4:31
Allah said: “For those things that are good remove those that are evil.” 11:114
Allah thus tells us that lesser sins are removed by avoiding major ones. The same is also mentioned in the Hadeeth.
The prophet (S) said: “Follow a bad deed with a good one and the good deed will remove the bad one.”
The right Hadeeths also tell us that performing ablution properly, walking to the mosque, the five prayers, Jum’ah prayer to Jum’ah prayer, Ramadhan to Ramadhan, night prayers in Ramadhan, night prayers in Lailatul Qadr ‘Night of Power’. Fasting the tenth of Muharram and other good deeds are ways of removing bad deeds and lesser sins. However, most Hadeeth put a condition of avoiding the grave sins. Avoiding grave sins is then a condition for removing lesser sins and bad deeds whether good deeds are done or not.


(189) What are the major sins?
It is defined as: Every sin that is punishable by Hadd ‘fixed penalty’
It is defined as: Every sin mentioned –in the Quran- followed by damnation, God’s anger, Hell or Fire or any punishment.

It is defined as: Every sin that gives the feeling that the one doing it does not care for religion and fears Allah not.

It is given other definitions as well. In many Hadeeths, many sins of varying degrees are termed major sins. Some of them are grave Kufur like polytheism and sorcery. Others are major such as killing without a valid reason, deserting battle, eating usury, taking the wealth of the orphan, false witness, false witness against unsuspecting believing women, taking alcohol, disobeying parents among other tings.

Bin Abbas (R ) said: “Such major sins are nearer to seventy than to seven.”
Whoever research sins termed as Kaba-ir will find them more than seventy. If one researches all the sins followed by punishment or dire threats in the Quran and Sunnah, whether followed by damnation, God’s wrath, punishment, war or other things that fall under threats, will find them very many.


(190) How are major as well as lesser sins expiated?
They are all expiated by true repentance.
Allah said: “O ye who believe! Turn to Allah with sincere repentance: in the hope that your Lord will remove from you your evil deeds, and admit you to Gardens beneath which rivers flow.” 66:8
“In the Hope” when related to your Lord is sure to happen.
Allah said: “Unless he repents, believes, and works righteous deeds, for Allah will change the evil of such persons into good.” 25:70
Allah said: “And those who, having done an act of indecency or wronged their own souls. Remember Allah and ask for forgiveness for their sins, - and who can forgive sins except Allah? – and are never obstinate in persisting knowingly in (the wrong) they have done. For such the reward is forgiveness from their Lord, and the Gardens with rivers flowing underneath.” 3:135,136
The prophet (S) said: “True repentance expiates what came before it.”
The prophet (S) said: “Allah is happier with the repentance of His slave than a man who ventured into a desert. He had his animal carrying his food and water. He slept and woke up to find his animal is gone. He got too hot and thirsty. He said let me return to my original place where I was sleeping. He returned and slept a little and then woke up and found his animal is back. Allah is happier with the return and repentance of one of His servants than that man with the return of his animal which has his food and water.”


(191) What is the Taubah Nasuh ‘sincere repentance’?
It is the sincere repentance which fulfills three conditions; Giving up the sin, regretting having ever committed it and sincerely deciding never to commit it again. If the sin involves having done injustice to someone, the repentant should ask the former to forgive him if possible, otherwise it will be demanded of him on the Day of Judgment.
The prophet (S) said: “whoever has done injustice to his brother, let him settle with his brother now, before the day when money will not count for anything. When matters will be settled thus: If the wrongdoer has good deeds they will be given to the wronged. And if the wrongdoer has no good deeds, the bad deeds of the wronged will be added to the latter’s”



(192) When is the door of Taubah closed against any person?
Allah said: “Allah accepts the repentance of those who do evil in ignorance and repent soon afterwards; to them will Allah turn in mercy: for Allah is full of knowledge and wisdom.” 4:17
The companions of the Prophet (S) agree that every act of disobedience to Allah is an act of Jahalah ‘ignorance’ whether done intentionally or otherwise. Whatever sin done before the death set in can be repented from.
The prophet (S) said: “Allah will always accept repentance from a slave unless the latter is in his death throes.”
This is mentioned in many Hadeeths. Thus repentance is not acceptable when a person is struggling with death.
Allah said: “When there was no longer time for being saved!” 38:3
And the Ayah that follows:
Allah said: “Of no effect is the repentance of those who continue to do evil, until death faces one of them, and he says: “Now have I repented indeed.” 4:18


(193) When is the door of Taubah ‘repentance’ closed for all people?
Allah said: “The day that certain of the Signs of the Lord do come, no good will it do to a soul to believe then, if it believed not before nor earned righteousness through its Faith.” 6:158
The prophet (S) said: “The hour will not come until the sun will rise form where it sets. When this comes to pass and people see it, they will all believe in Allah. But then those who have not believed before will not benefit from their belief then.”
Then he recited the above Ayah.
The prophet (S) said: “Allah has opened a door to the West its width is seventy years. It is open for repentance. It will not be closed until the sun rises from where it sets.”


(194) What is the verdict for a monotheist who dies having persisted in doing a major sin?
Allah said: “We shall set up scales of justice for the Day of Judgment, so that not a soul will be dealt with unjustly in the least. And if there be (no more than) the weight of a mustard seed, We will bring it (to account): and enough are We to take account.” 21:47
Allah said: “The balance that day will be true (to a nicety): those whose scale (of good) will be heavy, will prosper: those whose scale will be light, will find their souls in perdition, for that they wrongfully treated Our Signs.” 7:8,9
Allah said: “On the Day when every soul will be confronted with all the good it has done, and all the evil it has done.” 3:30
Allah said: “On the Day every soul will come up pleading for itself, and every soul will be recompensed (fully) for its actions, and none will be unjustly dealt with.” 16:111
Allah said: “And fear the Day when ye shall be brought back to Allah. Then shall every soul be paid what it earned, but none shall be dealt with unjustly.” 2:281
Allah said: “On that Day will men proceed in groups sorted out, to be shown the deeds that they (had done). Then shall anyone who has done an atom’s weight of good, see it! And anyone who has done an atom’s weight of evil, shall see it.” 99:6-8
As well as other Ayahs.
The prophet (S) said: “Whoever will have his account discussed -on the Day of Judgment- will be punished.” Lady ‘Aisha (R) asked: “Does not Allah say: ““Soon will his account be taken by an easy reckoning.” 84:8. He (S) said: “True. But this applies to the display (of accounts) still whoever will have his account gone through will be punished.”
As has been explained earlier, people will have different ranks good or bad on the day of Judgment, according to their obedience or disobedience to their Lord. Some will be faster to good places, some will be slower still others will have wronged themselves. Then you should know that what the Quran and the Sunnah confirm and what is believed by the first interpreters and scholars of Islam is that the sinners of monotheism are of three ranks. The first are those who have done more good than bad deeds. Those will enter heaven and fire will never touch them. The second are people who have equal numbers of good and bad deeds. Their bad deeds stopped them from entering heaven. And their good deeds stopped them from entering the fire. Those are the people who stay in between whom Allah mentioned will stand between Heaven and Hell for as long as Allah wills them to stand. Then they will be allowed to enter Jannah. As Allah told us in the following Ayah, when the people of Jannah have entered Jannah and the people of Naar have entered Naar. When they called done another in it.
Allah said: “Between them shall be a veil, and on the Heights will be men who would know everyone by his marks: they will call out to the Companions of the Garden: “Peace be upon you”: they have not entered it, but they still hope. To (enter it). Then their eyes shall be turned towards the Companions of the Fire, they will say: “Our Lord! Send us not to the company of the wrong-doers” then the men on the Heights will call to certain men who they will know from their marks, saying: “Of what profit to you were your hoards and your arrogant ways?” “Behold! Are these not the men whom you swore that Allah with His Mercy would never bless? Enter ye the Garden: nor fear shall be on you, nor shall ye grieve.” 7:46-49
The third are people who meet Allah when they had persisted in doing major sins, though they had the basis of monotheism and faith. Their bad deeds were more than the good ones. Those will enter Naar according to their bad deeds. Some of them will have fire up to the heels. Some will have the fire reach half his shins. Some will have the fire reach his knees. Some of them will have the fire all over his **** except where there is the traces of prostration –on their face and ****- such group are the people Allah will allow our Prophet Muhammad and then to other Prophets and allies and honored people Shafa’ah ‘intercession’ for their sake. Allah will mark out a group and they will take them out of Hell. Then he marks out another group and they will take them out of Hell. And so on. They will take out whoever had the weight of a dinar of good in his heart. Then whoever had the weight of half a dinar of good in his heart. Then whoever had the weight of grain of barley of good in his heart. Till they take out of Hell whoever had the weight of an atom or less of good. Till the intercessors say: O our Lord! We have left no one with any good in it. No**** of those who die believing in the oneness of Allah will stay permanently in Hell, no matter what they do. However, the greater the faith and the lesser the sin, the lesser the punishment in Hell and the shorter the stay therein, and the faster in getting out of it. And vice versa.
The prophet (S) said: “Whoever says La Ilaha Illa Allah ‘There is no God but Allah’ will benefit from it on a day no matter what will has happened to him before that.”
Such is the rank of those whose understanding failed them and those whose footsteps were not firmly on the truth, those who differed greatly in truth.
Allah said: “Allah by His Grace guided the Believers to the Truth, concerning that wherein they differed. For Allah guides whom He will to a path that is straight.” 2:213


(195) Does Hadds expiate a person’s sin?
The prophet (S) surrounded by a group of his companions said: “Give me allegiance that you do not associate aught with Allah, that you do not steal, that you should not commit adultery or fornication, and that you should not kill your children, that you should not make up lies and pose them as the truth, that you should not disobey one commanding you to do good, whoever fulfills this allegiance will be rewarded by Allah. Whoever does some of the above sins and got his punishment in this world, his sins are expiated. Whoever does some of the above sins and Allah does not punish him in this world, his case will be in God’s hands, if He so willed He will forgive him and if He so Willed, He will punish him.” He meant any sin below polytheism.
Abadah said: “We gave him our allegiance.”




(196) How do we combine the Hadeeth: “His sentence is to Allah. If He so wills, He punishes him. And if He so wills, He forgives him.” and the fact stated above: If a person’s evil acts are more than his good ones, he will enters the Fire?


(197) What is the straight path Allah commanded us to follow and prohibited us from following any other?
Allah said: “Verily, this is My Way leading straight: follow it: follow not (other) paths: they will scatter you about from His Path.” 6:153
Allah said: “Verily, this is My Way leading straight: follow it: follow not (other) paths: they will scatter you about from His Path.” 6:153


(198) How can a person reach it and safely not deviate from it?
This can only happen when one adheres to the Quran and Sunnah. Thus one would achieve true Tawheed to Allah and true following of the prophet (S)
Allah said: “All who obey Allah and the Messenger are in the company of those on whom is the Grace of Allah, - of the Prophets (who teach), the Sincere (lovers of Truth), the martyrs, and the Righteous (who do good): Ah! How beautiful is their company.” 4:69
Those on whom is the grace of Allah mentioned in the above Ayah, are those mentioned in the First Sura of the Quran.
Allah said: “Thee do we worship, and thine aid we seek. Show us the straight way, the way of those on whom thou bestowed Thy Grace, those whose (portion) is not wrath. And who go not astray. ” 1:5-7
There is no greater grace on a servant than to guide him to this straight Path, guiding him away from the other roads that would lead him to losing himself.
The prophet (S) said: “I have left you on the white Path its night is as clear as its day. Whoever leaves it will perish.”


(199) What is the opposite of Sunnah?
Allah said: “As for those who divide their religion and break up into sects, thou hast no part in them in the least: their affair is with Allah.” 6:159


(200) How is Bid’a ‘innovation in religion’, as opposing religion, subdivided?
It is divided into two types: One that makes a person Kafir and one that does not.

[زياد عبد الجليل]

(201) What is the Bid’a that deems its doer a non-Muslim?
They are many. It is whatever is denied of what is known to be necessarily part of the religion, because this entails disbelief in the Quran and Allah sent with His messengers such as the innovation of Jahamni sect who denied the attributers of Allah, and saying the Quran was created or that the attributes were created, denying that Abraham was a close friend of Allah, or that Allah spoke to Moses. Also the Quran sect who denied Allah’s knowledge, His deeds and His destiny. Also innovation of those who say Allah looks like His creatures. Some of the above had the prior intention of destroying the basis of Islam and planting the seeds of doubt in its people. Such are sure Kafirs they are foreign to Islam and one of its worst enemies. Some of them are confused and do not know. Those are only pronounced Kafirs when en fronted at a trial and evidence is against them.



(202) What is the Bid’a that does not deem its doer a non-Muslim?
It is one which does not entail disbelief in the Quran or disbelief in what Allah sent His messengers with, such is like the innovation of Marwani sect. The Senior Companions denied their innovation but did not accuse them Kafirs for saying it, or undo the hand of allegiance for it. An example of such is delaying some prayers till the end of its a tatter time, making the Khutba ”Sermon” before the prayers of Eid sitting for the same Khutba during Jum’ah and other prayers, abusing some of the Senior Sahaba on the Minbar “pulpit” etc. such acts are not legally deemed Islamic pradices. They did them out of their own volitions and for wordily reasons.


(203) How is Bid’a ‘innovation in religion’, as in the way it is practised, subdivided?
Two types: innovation in worship and innovation in dealings.

(204) How is Bid’a ‘innovation in religion’ in worship subdivided?
Two types: The First is worshiping Allah in a way He did not prescribe. Like what some of the ignorant among the Sufi sect do by worshiping Allah through singing, music and dancing. Imitating those Allah mentions in the following Ayah:
Allah said: “Their prayer at the House (of Allah) is nothing but whistling and clapping of hands.” 8:35
The second is worshiping Allah in a way He prescribed but not in the correct context. Praying bare headed when in Ihram is lawful but praying bare headed when not in Ihram with the intention of this being an act of worship is an example of the second type. Like wise performing any act of worship in the wrong context, like praying at prohibited times, fasting the day of doubt or fasting during Eid.

(205) How many states are there for the Bid’a with the Ibada ‘worship’ in which it occurs?
Two cases: The First case annuls the whole act like adding a Rakaa to Fajr prayer or a fourth to Maghrib or a fifth to a four Rakaa prayer the same applies for reading the number of prescribed Releases.
The Second case annuls the innovation only but the whole act remains accepted. Such is like one who washes more than three times during ablution, his ablution is still valid but The prophet (S) said: “He who adds has done bad, has transgressed has done wrong”


(206) What is Bid’a ‘innovation in religion’ in Mu’amalat ‘dealing with people’?
It is to make a condition not in agreement with the Quran and the Sunnah. Like making a condition of alliance of formers slave for one other than the one who set him free. Like in the story of Burairah when her people set a condition of different alliance.
The prophet (S) stood, thanked Allah and said: “There are some people who set conditions that ore not in the Quran. Any condition not in agreement with the Quran is null and void. Even If they may be a hundred conditions, the judgment of Allah is better and the conditions Allah sets are more secure. Why do some of you say: ‘You set the slave free and I will be the ally.’ Alliance is for the one who gives the freedom.”
Like wise any condition that contradicts the terms of Shari’a is null and void.


(207) What is our duty concerning the companions of the Prophet (S) and the members of his household?
We should be loyal to them in heart and word. We should spread their good deeds. We should not go into their problems and the disputes they had among themselves. And to refer to them as Allah referred to their similitude in the Turah, the Injil and the Quran and is recorded in the right Hadeeth of their virtues.
Allah said: “Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah; and those who are with him are strong against Unbelievers, (but) compassionate amongst each other. Thou wilt see them bow and prostrate themselves (in prayers), seeking Grace from Allah and (His) Good Pleasure. On their faces are their marks, (being) the traces of their prostration. This is their similitude in the Torah; and their similitude in the Injil ‘Gospel) is: like a seed which sends forth its blade, then makes it strong; it then becomes thick, and it stands on its own stem, (filling) the sowers with wonder and delight. As a result, it fills the Unbelievers with rage at them. Allah has promised those among them who believe and do righteous deeds forgiveness, and a great reward.” 48:29
Allah said: “Those who believe, and immigrate, and fight for the Faith, in the Cause of Allah, as well as those who give (them) asylum and aid, - these are (all) in very truth the Believers: for them is the forgiveness of sins and a provision most generous.” 8:74
Allah said: “The vanguard (of Islam) – the first of those who forsook (their homes) and of those who gave them aid, and (also) those who follow them in (all) good deeds, - well-pleased is Allah with them, as are they with Him: for them has He prepared Gardens under which rivers flow, to dwell therein forever: that is the supreme triumph.” 9:100
Allah said: “Allah turned with favor to the Prophet, the Muhajirs and the Ansaar, - who followed him in a time of distress.” 9:117
Allah said: “(Some part is due) to the indigent Muhajirs, those who were expelled from their homes and their property, while seeking Grace from Allah and (His) Good Pleasure, and aiding Allah and His Messenger: such are indeed the truthful; - and those who before them, had homes (in Madinah) and had adopted the Faith, - show their affection to such as came to them for refuge, and entertain no desire in their hearts for things given to the (latter), but give them preference over themselves even though poverty was their (own lot)” 59:8,9
We know and believe that Allah looked at the people who fought in the battle of Badr and said: “Do what ever you want, I have forgiven you all.”
The people who fought in the battle of Badr were more than three hundred and ten. No one of those who swore allegiance under the tree will enter Naar. Allah is well-pleased with them and they with Him. Those were numbered 1400 and in another account 1500.
Allah said: “Allah’s Good Pleasure was on the Believers when they swore Fealty to thee under the Tree: He knew what was in their hearts.” 48:18
We believe that theirs was the best century of this Ummah and this Ummah is the best Ummah ever to live. We believe that if one of those who come after them spent the weight of the Uhud Mountain in Gold, would never be an equal or even half any of them. We also believe that they were not faultless. They could commit mistakes. However, we know they did their very best. The one of them who judges correctly will have double good wages, and the one who errs will get one good wage according to his good hard work and his error is forgiven. They have their virtues and good deeds that would far outweigh their bad deeds, if any should have occurred. Can a little dirty water affect the cleanliness the ocean. May Allah be well-pleased with them and May He please them. The same applies for the wives and the members of the Prophet’s household whom Allah purified. We disown any who has felt in his heart or uttered any bad thing about the companions of the Prophet of Allah (S) or the members of his household or to any one of them. We take Allah as our witness that we love them and support them and fight for them as far as we can in accordance to the Prophet’s will as he said:
The prophet (S) said: “Do not abuse my companions!”
The prophet (S) said: “Allah, Allah, my companions.”
The prophet (S) said: “I leave two heavy things among you. The first is Book of Allah. take of Allah’s book and adhere to it! Then he said: “then members of my household. I remind you of Allah concerning them.”


(208) Who is the best of the companions ‘in general’?
The best among them are the First of the immigrants. Then those who received and assisted them. Then those who fought the battle of Badr. Then those who fought the battle of Ohood. Then those who give the allegiance of R’adwan. Then those who came after.

Allah said: “And those who spent (freely) and fought, before the victory, (with those who did so later). Those are higher in rank than those who spent (freely) and fought afterwards. But to all has Allah promised a goodly (reward).” 57:10


(209) Who is the best of the companions ‘in detail?
Abdullah Bin Umar (R) said: “At the time of the prophet (S), we used to say Abu Baker has no pear among the companions then Umar then Uthman. After them we did not say who is better among the others.”
The prophet (S) said: “ What do you think (would happen) to two people Allah is their three.”
And he (S) said: ” If I were to take a close friend, I would take Abu Baker. However he is my brother and my companion.”
He (S) said: “ Allah sent me to you and you said: ”You lied” Abu Baker said: “You told the truth.” He consoled me with his own self and his money_ leave my companion to me.” He repeated twice.
The prophet (S) said: “ O Bin Al-khattab by Him who has my soul in His Hands, whenever Satan meets you walking on a road, he changes to anther road.”
The prophet (S) said: “There were preachers for Ummas that preceded you. If there is a preacher for my Ummah, such a person will be Umar.”
And while talking about the wolf and the cow he (S) said: “I believe in this, Abu Baker believes in this and Umar believes in this.”
When Uthman went to Makkah at the Radwan Vote of Allegiance, the Prophet put his right hand and said: “This is –on behalf of- the hand of Uthamn.”
He (S): “Whoever digs the Rauma well, will enter Jannah.”
Uthman dug it.
And he(S) said: “Whoever finances the Usrah –hard time- army willenter Jannah.” Uthman finaced it.
He (S) said of Uthamn: “Shouldn’t I get bashfull of one of whom the angels get bashful?”
He said to Ali: “You are of me and I am of you.”
And he said of Ali: “He loves Allah and His Prophet and Allah and His Prophet love him.”
He said: “Whoever I protect, Ali protects.”
He said to Ali: “wouldn’t you like to be with me as Aaron was with Moses. Only there is no Prophet after me.”
And he said: “Ten are in Heaven; the Prophet is in Heaven. Abu Bakr is in Heaven.Umar is in Heaven.Uthman is in Heaven. Ali is in Heaven. Talhah is in Heaven. Al-Zubair bin Al-‘Awwam is in Heaven. Sa’ad bin Malik is in Heaven. Abdul-Rahman bin ‘Auf is in Heaven.
Sa’eed bin Zaid said: “I could have been called the tenth.”
The prophet (S) said: “The most merciful in my Ummah to my Ummah is Abu Baker, the hardest in matters of religion is Umar, the most bashful is Uthman. The one who knows best its commandaments is Muadh bin Jabal. The who recites Quarn the best is Ubay. The one who knows best about matters of worship is Zayd bin Thabit. Every Ummah has a keeper of secrets. The keeper of this Ummah is Abu ‘Ubadah bin Al-Jarrah.”
He said of Al-Hassan and Al-Hussain –his two grandsons-: “they are the princes of the youth of Jannah and the two Raihanas ‘sweet basils’ of Jannah.”
And he (S) said: “O my Lord! I love them. Please love them.”
Of Al-Hassan he (S) said: “This grandson of mine is a leader. Allah will cause him to forge peace between two great groups of Muslims.” And of their mother –his daughter- he said: “She is the best among the women of Heaven.”

Most of the companions had many virtues and strong points in which they surpassed others. Some were common to most Sahaba and some were peculiar to certain Sahabas. It does not necessary that when one of them has a virtue or a strong point in which he surpasses other Sahabas, that such a person is better than them in all virtues –except the first four Caliphs. As for the first three the above Hadeeth mentions their strengths. As for Ali, most Muslims agree that he was –after them- the best person on earth.



(210) How long has Caliphate continued after the Prophet (S)?
Bin Dawud and others narrated through Sa’eed bin Jamhan through Safinah, said : The prophet (S) said: “The Caliphate after Prophethood will be thirty years. Then Allah will give command to whoever He wills.”
That came to pass with the duration of the Caliphate of Abu-Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali (R).Abu Bakr ruled for two years and three months. Umar ruled for ten years and six months. Uthman ruled for twelve years. Ali ruled for four years and nine months. The total is 29 years and six months. They make thirty with the six month vote of Allegiance for Hassan Bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet (S). The first King in Islam is Mu’aweyah (R) and he is the best of them. After him came many kings till Umar bin Abdul-Aziz (R) came. The Muslims considered him a fifth Caliph as he acted the way the first four Caliphs did.



(211) What evidence is there for the Caliphate of those four in general?
The evidence for this is profuse. One of them is the designation of its duration of thirty years which came to be the duration of their rule. Also their preeminence on other Sahabas and the preeminence of each of them over the others according to their succession in ruling the Muslim Ummah. Also what Abu Dawud and others narrate through Samrah bin Jandab that a man said: “O Messenger of Allah! I saw –in a vision- as if a bucket was lowered from the sky. Abu Bakr came first took it and drank a little of it. Then Umar came and took it and drank deeply. Then Uthman came and took it and drank deeply. Then Ali came and took it but it spilled over and some of it splashed some on him.”
The strongest evidence is the consensus of the most eminent among Muslims that these four are the real Caliphs of Islam. No one doubts their Caliphate except a lost innovator.


(212) What evidence is there for the Caliphate of the three in general?
There is much evidence concerning this. Some of it has already been mentioned above. There is also the following Hadeeth about Abu Bakr.
The prophet (S) said: “Who of you has seen a dream today?” one man said: “I have. O Prophet of Allah. I saw a pair of scales descending from the sky. You and Abu Bakr were weighed and you were heavier. Abu Bakr then and Umar were weighed and Abu Bakr was heavier. Then Umar and Uthman were weighed and Umar was heavier. Then the scales were taken up.”
The prophet (S) said: “To night, a pious man saw Abu Bakr was weighed with the Prophet of Allah, And Umar was weighed with Abu Bakr and Uthman was weighed with Umar.”



(213) What evidence is there for the Califate of Abu Bakr and Umar general?
There is much evidence concerning
The prophet (S) said: “I saw in a dream that I was on a well that had a bucket. I drew a good amount of its water. Then, Abu Bakr came and took a bucket or two and his taking was weak. May Allah forgive his weakness. Then, Umar came and I have not seen one draw like Umar. Then people came with their camels.”


(214) What evidence is there for the Califate of Abu Bakr and his precedence in it?
There is very much evidence concerning this.
A woman came to Prophet (S) and he told her to came later. She asked what she should do in case she did not find him (meaning if she found he had died), he (S) said: “If you do not find me, go to Abu Bakr.”
In his deathbed, the prophet (S) said to ‘Aishah: “Send for your father and brother. I fear lest an imposter or anyone entertaining hope in leadership should say: “I have more right to it.” Yet Allah and the believers want no one but Abu Bakr.”
The Prophet (S), during his illness, said the same when he forwarded Abu Bakr to lead the Muslims in prayer. All the companions, Muhajireen and Ansaar ‘Immigrants and Supporters’, agreed to give him their oath of allegiance.


(215) What evidence is there for the precedence of Umar in the Caliphate after Abu Bakr?
The Prophet (S) said: “I do not know how long I will stay with you. So, take example of those who will come after me.” And he pointed to Abu Bakr and Umar (R).
Hudhaifa (R) said to Umar: “Between you and Fitnah ‘Trial’ is a closed door. Umar (R) asked: “Will it be opened or will it be broken?” He said: “It will be broken.” Umar (R) said: “Then it will never be closed again.”
The door was Umar. His breaking was his killing. The sword was never put down in the Ummah after his death. The whole Ummah was in agreement that he was rightly the Caliph after Abu Bakr (R) .


(216) What evidence is there for the precedence of Uthman in the Caliphate after Abu Bakr and Umar?
There is much evidence concerning
Ka’ab bin ‘Ujzah said: “Prophet (S) mentioned a Fitnah ‘trial’ that was soon to come. A man covering his face passed and the Prophet (S) pointed to him and said: “That man will be on the right Path –during that Fitnah. Ka’ab said: “I jumped and took the man by his hands. It was Uthman. I said: ”Is this the man O Prophet of Allah?” He said: “He is the man.”
The prophet (S) said: “O Uthman! When Allah gives you the baton of leadership oneday, and the hypocrites wanted you to leave it, do not leave it.” And he repeated it three times.
The people of Shura were the first to give him their oath of allegiance then the rest of the people. The first to give him his oath of allegiance was Ali (R) immediately after Abdul-Rahman bin ‘Auf (R).


(217) What evidence is there for the precedence of Ali in the Caliphate after Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman?
There is much evidence concerning
The prophet (S) said: “Woe is unto Ammar. The aggressors will kill him. He will be calling them to Jannah and they will be calling him to Naar.”
Ammar was with Ali (R). The people of Shaam killed him while he was calling them to be loyal to Imam Ali (R).
The prophet (S) said: “A group will walk out -against Islam- at a time of dispute among two Muslim groups. The group nearest to the truth will kill them.”
Khawarij walked out against Muslims and Ali (R) killed them on the battle of Nahrawaan. He had the more right to the succession to leadership by the consensus of the people of Sunnah.


(218) What is our duty to our leaders?
Our duty is to give them advice by assisting them with justice, obeying them, enjoining them, praying behind them, fighting with them, paying them alms, being patient with them even though they might be unjust at times, and not fighting against them unless they show clear signs of Kufur, not praising them falsely, and to pray for them that Allah may grant them guidance.


(219) What is the evidence for that?
There is much evidence concerning this.
Allah said: “O ye who believe! Obey Allah, and obey the Messenger, and those charged with authority among you.” 4:59
The prophet (S) said: “Listen and obey even if a slave is your leader.”
The prophet (S) said: “He who finds something he does not like in his leader should be patient. He who walks out of the group –of Muslims- by a hand span and then dies, he dies as in Jahiliyah ‘Pre Islamic ignorance’.”
The prophet (S) said: “
‘Ubadah Bin Asssamit (R ) said: “Prophet (S) called to us and we gave him our oath of allegiance that we should listen and obey whether we like or dislike, whether in poverty or richness, ----, that we shouldn’t dispute people more fit to do things than ourselves, unless you see clear signs of Kufur of which you have clear evidence,”
The prophet (S) said: “If a black slave is made your leader to lead you according to the Quran, listen to him and obey him.”
The prophet (S) said: “A Muslim must listen and obey whether he likes or dislikes, unless he is ordered to disobey Allah and the Prophet (S). if he is ordered of such, he should not listen or obey.”
The prophet (S) said: “Obedience is only in Ma’ruuf ‘doing good’ “
The prophet (S) said: “Even if you are beaten on the back and your money is taken from you, you must still listen and obey.”
The prophet (S) said: “He who disobeys –a leader- will meat Allah on the day of Judgment with no plea for him. He who dies without giving his oath of allegiance, he dies as in Jahiliyah ‘Pre-Islamic ignorance’ “
The prophet (S) said: “He who wants to scatter this Ummah when it is united, strike him with the sword, no matter who he was.”
The prophet (S) said: “There will be leaders. Some you will know -to be good- and some you will deny –for being bad-, whom you know to be good are innocent and those you find bad do not fight. However, you must accept and follow.” They asked: “Shouldn’t we fight them?” He (S) said: “No, you shouldn’t. so long as they perform prayers.”
As well as other Hadeeths, all in the Sahih.


(220) Who should take the duty of enjoining good and forbidding evil? And what are the ranks thereof?
Allah said: “Let there arise out of you a band of people inviting to all that is good, enjoining what is right, and forbidding what is wrong: they are the ones to attain felicity.” 3:104
The prophet (S) said: “Whoever of you sees what is wrong should change it by his hand. If he cannot, then he should change it by his tongue. And if he cannot, then he should change it by his heart. This is the least to be expected of a faithful.
There are innumerable Ayas and Hadeeth in this respect. They all clearly show that it is an obligation on all that may see, to enjoin good and forbid evil. Such obligation does not fall unless another Muslim does it for him, each according to their means. The more a person can do this, and the more knowledgable, the more is he obligated to fulfill it. When a calamity befalls sinners, the only people to be saved are those forbid the sins. We wrote a separate book on this subject.


(221) What is the understanding of Karamas ‘Miracles’ of Awliya’ ‘those closest to’ Allah?
Such Karamas are true. It is that some miracle is achieved by their hands, which they do not do by themselves, and is not in way of challenge. Allah may cause the miracle to happen through them even though they might not know of it. The story of the Companions of the Cave, the Companions of the Rock, Juraij, the monk. All are miracles for their Prophets. Such Karamas are greater and more numerous in this Ummah because of the greatness of the miracles of its Prophet (S) and his high status with Allah. Such as what occurred to Abu Bakr during the battles of Riddah ‘Dissension’. Like the call Umar (R) made to Sariyah, while the former was on the pulpit in Madinah. The latter heard his call while in a battle in Shaam ‘Syria’. And his letter to the Nile which made it run again.” Like the horses of Alaa bin Al-Hadramiy as he rode them over the sea while fighting the Romans. Like the prayers of Abu Muslim Al-Kholani while in a fire set by Al-Aswad Al-Anaziy. There are many more Karamas that occurred to many of them during the life of the Prophet (S) and during the reign of the companions and those who followed in good deeds. These karamas continue to this day and to the day of Judgment. All these Karamas are miracles for our Prophet (S). because they only get them through following him. If a miracle should occur to one who does not follow the Prophet (S), it is a Fitnah ‘trial’ and not Karama. Those are not the Closest to Allah but closest to Satan.


(222) Who are the Awliya’ ‘the friends of Allah?
They are any who believes in Allah, fears Him and follows the Prophet (S).
Allah said: “Behold! Verily on the friends of Allah there is no fear, nor shall they grieve.” 10:62
Allah said: “Those who believe and (constantly) guard against evil.” 10:63
Allah said: “Allah is the Protector of those who have faith: from the depths of darkness He leads them forth into light.” 2:257
Allah said: “Your (real) friends are (no less than) Allah, His Messenger, and the Believers, - those who establish regular prayers and pay Zakat and they bow down humbly (in worship). As to those who turn (for friendship) to Allah, His Messenger, and the Believers, - it is the Party of Allah that must certainly triumph.” 5:55,56
The prophet (S) said: “Those Children of Abu Fulan (such and such person) are not my Awliya. My Awliya are those who fear Allah”
Al-Hassan (R) said: “Some people claimed to love Allah. Allah tried them with the following Ayah.
Allah said: “Say; ‘If ye do love Allah, follow me: Allah will love you.’ ” 3:31
Al-Shafi’ee (R ) said: “If you see a man walking on water, or fly in the air, do not believe it. Do not be fooled by him. first find out if he is a follower of the Prophet (S).

(223) Who are the sect alluded to in the Hadeeth?
The prophet (S) said: “A band of my people will remain steadfast to the truth. They will not be harmed by those who oppose them, till the command of Allah comes to pass.”
This sect is the one who will be saved of the seventy three sects. The Prophet (S) singled it out of those sects by saying:
The prophet (S) said: “All of them are in Hell except one. It is the Jama’ah”
In another version of the Hadeeth he (S) said: “They are who act in the same way as I and my companions do.”
We ask Allah to make us among them. And not to change our hearts once He has guided us. And to grant us mercy from Him, He is the one who grants freely.
Allah said: “Glory to thy Lord, the Lord of Honor and Power! (He is free) from what they ascribe (to Him)! And peace on the messengers! And praise to Allah, the Lord and the Cherisher of the Worlds.” 37:180-182


The author -may Allah have mercy on him and his parents- says: I completed the manuscript Monday morning, the first of Shaban, 1365 of year of Hijrah of the Prophet Muhammad Allah’s Prayers and Peace be upon him, his family, his companions, his followers and the followers of his followers in good deeds till the day of Judgment. I completed revising it Sunday morning the fourteenth of the same month. May Allah make all our efforts purely for the sake of His Face. Ameen.

[زياد عبد الجليل]

-- Finished --

[*taqwa*]

may Allah reward you akhie
Ziadabdelgalil for this excellent job